PMID- 33672181
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210601
LR  - 20231111
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Feb 23
TI  - Advances in Targeting HPV Infection as Potential Alternative Prophylactic Means.
LID - 10.3390/ijms22042201 [doi]
LID - 2201
AB  - Infection by oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of 
      cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. The majority of cervical cancer 
      cases occur in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC). Concurrent infection 
      with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) further increases the risk of HPV 
      infection and exacerbates disease onset and progression. Highly effective 
      prophylactic vaccines do exist to combat HPV infection with the most common 
      oncogenic types, but the accessibility to these in LMIC is severely limited due 
      to cost, difficulties in accessing the target population, cultural issues, and 
      maintenance of a cold chain. Alternative preventive measures against HPV 
      infection that are more accessible and affordable are therefore also needed to 
      control cervical cancer risk. There are several efforts in identifying such 
      alternative prophylactics which target key molecules involved in early HPV 
      infection events. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the initial 
      steps in HPV infection, from host cell-surface engagement to cellular trafficking 
      of the viral genome before arrival in the nucleus. The key molecules that can be 
      potentially targeted are highlighted, and a discussion on their applicability as 
      alternative preventive means against HPV infection, with a focus on LMIC, is 
      presented.
FAU - Carse, Sinead
AU  - Carse S
AD  - International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Cape Town, 
      Observatory 7925, South Africa.
AD  - Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health 
      Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
AD  - Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of 
      Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape 
      Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
FAU - Bergant, Martina
AU  - Bergant M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9103-9880
AD  - Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, 
      Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
FAU - Schafer, Georgia
AU  - Schafer G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1044-3828
AD  - International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Cape Town, 
      Observatory 7925, South Africa.
AD  - Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health 
      Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
AD  - Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of 
      Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape 
      Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
LA  - eng
GR  - research grant/Cancer Association of South Africa/
GR  - TMA2018SF-2446/European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership/
GR  - 104837/National Research Foundation/
GR  - 105887/National Research Foundation/
GR  - 18/21/Poliomyelitis Research Foundation/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210223
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans)
RN  - 0 (Polysaccharides)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.75 (FURIN protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.75 (Furin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alphapapillomavirus/*drug effects/metabolism/pathogenicity
MH  - Female
MH  - Furin/metabolism
MH  - Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
MH  - Papillomavirus Infections/*etiology/*prevention & control
MH  - Polysaccharides/chemistry/pharmacology
PMC - PMC7926419
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cervical cancer
OT  - human papillomavirus (HPV)
OT  - low- and middle- income countries (LMIC)
OT  - prophylactic vaccines
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design and writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2021/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/02 06:00
PMCR- 2021/02/23
CRDT- 2021/03/06 01:12
PHST- 2021/02/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/06 01:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms22042201 [pii]
AID - ijms-22-02201 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms22042201 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 23;22(4):2201. doi: 10.3390/ijms22042201.