PMID- 33674737
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220328
LR  - 20220417
IS  - 1530-0447 (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-3998 (Print)
IS  - 0031-3998 (Linking)
VI  - 91
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jan
TI  - Age-related changes in the inflammatory responses to viral infections in the 
      central nervous system during childhood.
PG  - 204-208
LID - 10.1038/s41390-021-01423-8 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The developmental stages and function of immune cells in the central 
      nervous system during infancy and childhood are poorly understood. We analyzed 
      whether cytokine and chemokine profiles in children and adolescents with viral 
      central nervous system infections were different depending on age. METHODS: The 
      acute phase cerebrospinal fluid of 80 children (mean age 98 months, range 1-206 
      months) were analyzed for protein levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-1-RA, 
      IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, monocyte 
      chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon (IFN) gamma-induced protein 10 
      (IP-10), IFN-gamma, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). RESULTS: We 
      found an age-dependent increased expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, MIF, IP-10, and 
      IFN-gamma and a decreased expression of MCP-1 and IL-15 in response to a viral 
      infection of the central nervous system. In contrast, all other cytokines and 
      chemokine were unaffected by the age of the patient. CONCLUSION: These findings 
      demonstrate that the immunological response to a viral infection matures during 
      childhood and adolescence. This may in turn be of importance for the outcome of a 
      viral infection and the risk for subsequent sequela. It also demonstrates that 
      age is a factor that needs to be considered when using cytokines and chemokines 
      as biomarkers for infections in the central nervous system. IMPACT: The 
      immunological response to a viral infection matures during childhood and 
      adolescence. This may be of importance for the outcome of a viral infection and 
      the risk for subsequent sequela. It also demonstrates that age is a factor that 
      needs to be considered when using cytokines and chemokines as biomarkers for 
      infections in the central nervous system.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the International Pediatric 
      Research Foundation, Inc.
FAU - Ygberg, Sofia
AU  - Ygberg S
AD  - Neuropediatric Unit, Department for Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska 
      Institutet, Stockholm, Sverige.
AD  - Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 
      Sweden.
FAU - Fowler, Asa
AU  - Fowler A
AD  - Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 
      Sweden.
AD  - Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska 
      Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Wickstrom, Ronny
AU  - Wickstrom R
AD  - Neuropediatric Unit, Department for Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska 
      Institutet, Stockholm, Sverige. ronny.wickstrom@ki.se.
AD  - Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 
      Sweden. ronny.wickstrom@ki.se.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210305
PL  - United States
TA  - Pediatr Res
JT  - Pediatric research
JID - 0100714
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Chemokines)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Aging/*pathology
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Central Nervous System Viral Diseases/metabolism/*pathology
MH  - Chemokines/metabolism
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Inflammation/metabolism/*pathology
MH  - Male
PMC - PMC7934808
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/29 06:00
PMCR- 2021/03/05
CRDT- 2021/03/06 05:40
PHST- 2020/11/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/06 05:40 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41390-021-01423-8 [pii]
AID - 1423 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41390-021-01423-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pediatr Res. 2022 Jan;91(1):204-208. doi: 10.1038/s41390-021-01423-8. Epub 2021 
      Mar 5.