PMID- 33679806 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210923 LR - 20210923 IS - 1664-3224 (Electronic) IS - 1664-3224 (Linking) VI - 12 DP - 2021 TI - Tolerogenic Immunotherapy: Targeting DC Surface Receptors to Induce Antigen-Specific Tolerance. PG - 643240 LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643240 [doi] LID - 643240 AB - Dendritic cells (DCs) are well-established as major players in the regulation of immune responses. They either induce inflammatory or tolerogenic responses, depending on the DC-subtype and stimuli they receive from the local environment. This dual capacity of DCs has raised therapeutic interest for their use to modify immune-activation via the generation of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs). Several compounds such as vitamin D3, retinoic acid, dexamethasone, or IL-10 and TGF-beta have shown potency in the induction of tolDCs. However, an increasing interest exists in defining tolerance inducing receptors on DCs for new targeting strategies aimed to develop tolerance inducing immunotherapies, on which we focus particular in this review. Ligation of specific cell surface molecules on DCs can result in antigen presentation to T cells in the presence of inhibitory costimulatory molecules and tolerogenic cytokines, giving rise to regulatory T cells. The combination of factors such as antigen structure and conformation, delivery method, and receptor specificity is of paramount importance. During the last decades, research provided many tools that can specifically target various receptors on DCs to induce a tolerogenic phenotype. Based on advances in the knowledge of pathogen recognition receptor expression profiles in human DC subsets, the most promising cell surface receptors that are currently being explored as possible targets for the induction of tolerance in DCs will be discussed. We also review the different strategies that are being tested to target DC receptors such as antigen-carbohydrate conjugates, antibody-antigen fusion proteins and antigen-adjuvant conjugates. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Castenmiller, Keumatio-Doungtsop, van Ree, de Jong and van Kooyk. FAU - Castenmiller, Charlotte AU - Castenmiller C AD - Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. FAU - Keumatio-Doungtsop, Brigitte-Carole AU - Keumatio-Doungtsop BC AD - Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. FAU - van Ree, Ronald AU - van Ree R AD - Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. FAU - de Jong, Esther C AU - de Jong EC AD - Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. FAU - van Kooyk, Yvette AU - van Kooyk Y AD - Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20210219 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Immunol JT - Frontiers in immunology JID - 101560960 RN - 0 (IL10 protein, human) RN - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface) RN - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta) RN - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10) SB - IM MH - *Antigen Presentation MH - Dendritic Cells/*immunology MH - Humans MH - *Immune Tolerance MH - *Immunotherapy MH - Interleukin-10/immunology MH - Receptors, Cell Surface/*immunology MH - T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology MH - Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology PMC - PMC7933040 OTO - NOTNLM OT - C-type lectins OT - Siglecs OT - allergy OT - auto immune diseases OT - dendritic cell OT - immunotherapy OT - surface receptors OT - tolerance COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/03/09 06:00 MHDA- 2021/09/24 06:00 PMCR- 2021/01/01 CRDT- 2021/03/08 05:50 PHST- 2020/12/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/02/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/03/08 05:50 [entrez] PHST- 2021/03/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/09/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643240 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 19;12:643240. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643240. eCollection 2021.