PMID- 33682603
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210510
LR  - 20210510
IS  - 1751-2441 (Electronic)
IS  - 1751-2433 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Apr
TI  - How do nocebo effects in placebo groups of randomized controlled trials provide a 
      possible explicative framework for the COVID-19 pandemic?
PG  - 439-444
LID - 10.1080/17512433.2021.1900728 [doi]
AB  - Introduction: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are useful to study the role of 
      individual and contextual factors in which therapies vs placebos are administered 
      and to provide an important perspective for understanding the phenomenon of 
      nocebo-related risks.Areas covered: The results of nocebo effects in RCT placebo 
      groups, measured in terms of adverse events (AEs) and dropouts, will be presented 
      as an explicative framework for the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 
      vaccines are the only RCTs routinely conducted during the pandemic. Information 
      about efficacy and safety of different vaccines represents a fertile ground for 
      nocebo phenomena. Individual and contextual factors will be emphasized in order 
      to understand the presence of a refusal of immunization associated with a 
      specific vaccine considered less effective and safe. Critical aspects and some 
      guidelines will be presented in order to counteract the nocebo effects and to 
      improve adherence to drug treatments and the vaccination campaign.Expert opinion: 
      The nocebo effect could explain the presence of strong resistance in European 
      countries to immunization with a vaccine perceived as less effective, compared to 
      others. Increased awareness of the nocebo effect would be relevant as it could 
      lead to a greater participation in the vaccination campaign and in protecting 
      individuals against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
FAU - Amanzio, Martina
AU  - Amanzio M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2504-032X
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
FAU - Cipriani, Giuseppina Elena
AU  - Cipriani GE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8427-9293
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
FAU - Bartoli, Massimo
AU  - Bartoli M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8950-3602
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210312
PL  - England
TA  - Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol
JT  - Expert review of clinical pharmacology
JID - 101278296
RN  - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - COVID-19/*prevention & control
MH  - COVID-19 Vaccines/*administration & dosage/adverse effects
MH  - Europe
MH  - Humans
MH  - Medication Adherence
MH  - *Nocebo Effect
MH  - Patient Dropouts
MH  - Practice Guidelines as Topic
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/*methods
MH  - Vaccination Refusal/statistics & numerical data
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adverse events
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - aging
OT  - nocebo effect
OT  - randomized clinical trials
EDAT- 2021/03/09 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/11 06:00
CRDT- 2021/03/08 08:42
PHST- 2021/03/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/08 08:42 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/17512433.2021.1900728 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Apr;14(4):439-444. doi: 
      10.1080/17512433.2021.1900728. Epub 2021 Mar 12.