PMID- 33686307
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211028
LR  - 20211028
IS  - 1591-951X (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-2983 (Print)
IS  - 0031-2983 (Linking)
VI  - 113
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Feb
TI  - Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix, colon and rectum.
PG  - 19-27
LID - 10.32074/1591-951X-230 [doi]
AB  - Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix, colon and rectum are classified 
      according to the most recent WHO classification as neuroendocrine tumors (NET), 
      neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) and mixed neuroendocrine-non neuroendocrine 
      neoplasms (MiNENs). NECs and MiNENs are aggressive neoplasms requiring multimodal 
      treatment strategies. By contrast, NETs are, in most cases, indolent lesions 
      occurring as incidental findings in the appendix or as polyps in the rectum. 
      While most appendiceal and rectal NETs are considered relatively non-aggressive 
      neoplasms, a few cases, may show a more aggressive clinical course. 
      Unfortunately, clinical/pathological characteristics to select patients at high 
      risk of recurrence/metastases are poorly consolidated. Diagnosis is generally 
      easy and supported by the combination of morphology and immunohistochemistry. 
      Differential diagnostic problems are for NECs/MiNENs with poorly differentiated 
      adenocarcinomas, when immunohistochemical neuroendocrine markers are not 
      obviously positive, whereas for NETs they are represented by the rare appendiceal 
      tubular and clear cell variants (which may be confused with non-neuroendocrine 
      cancers) and rectal L-cell tumors which may be chromogranin negative and 
      prostatic marker positive.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Societa Italiana di Anatomia Patologica e Citopatologia 
      Diagnostica, Divisione Italiana della International Academy of Pathology.
FAU - Volante, Marco
AU  - Volante M
AD  - Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
AD  - Pathology Unit, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
FAU - Grillo, Federica
AU  - Grillo F
AD  - Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, 
      University of Genova, Italy.
AD  - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy.
FAU - Massa, Federica
AU  - Massa F
AD  - Pathology Unit, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
FAU - Maletta, Francesca
AU  - Maletta F
AD  - Pathology Unit, "Citta della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital, Turin, Italy.
FAU - Mastracci, Luca
AU  - Mastracci L
AD  - Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, 
      University of Genova, Italy.
AD  - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy.
FAU - Campora, Michela
AU  - Campora M
AD  - Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, 
      University of Genova, Italy.
FAU - Ferro, Jacopo
AU  - Ferro J
AD  - Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, 
      University of Genova, Italy.
FAU - Vanoli, Alessandro
AU  - Vanoli A
AD  - Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia 
      and Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy.
FAU - Papotti, Mauro
AU  - Papotti M
AD  - Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
AD  - Pathology Unit, "Citta della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital, Turin, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Italy
TA  - Pathologica
JT  - Pathologica
JID - 0401123
SB  - IM
MH  - *Appendix
MH  - *Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/diagnosis
MH  - Colon
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
MH  - *Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnosis
MH  - Rectum
PMC - PMC8138694
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - appendix
OT  - colon
OT  - neuroendocrine
OT  - rectum
OT  - tumor
COIS- Conflict of interest The Authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/03/10 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/29 06:00
PMCR- 2021/02/01
CRDT- 2021/03/09 06:12
PHST- 2020/11/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/09 06:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.32074/1591-951X-230 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pathologica. 2021 Feb;113(1):19-27. doi: 10.32074/1591-951X-230.