PMID- 33711537 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210426 LR - 20210602 IS - 1873-6750 (Electronic) IS - 0160-4120 (Print) IS - 0160-4120 (Linking) VI - 151 DP - 2021 Jun TI - Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and markers of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in Spanish adolescents. PG - 106469 LID - S0160-4120(21)00094-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106469 [doi] LID - 106469 AB - BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been linked to cardiometabolic (CM) risk factors in childhood, but there are no studies evaluating the persistence of these associations into adolescence, a period of relevant changes in endocrine-dependent organ systems and rapid increases in lean and fat mass. We examined the associations of prenatal POP exposures with body mass index (BMI) from age 4 to 18 years, and with other CM risk markers in adolescence. METHODS: We analysed 379 children from the Spanish INMA-Menorca birth cohort study with measured cord blood POP concentrations. We calculated BMI z-scores at ages 4, 6, 11, 14 and 18 years using the WHO growth reference. Body fat % was measured at 11 and 18 years and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and blood pressure (BP) at 11, 14 and 18 years. We measured CM biomarkers in fasting blood collected at age 14 years and calculated a CM-risk score as the sum of the sex-, and age-specific z-scores for waist circumference, mean arterial BP, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting blood triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (n = 217). Generalised estimating equations and multivariate linear regression models assessed the associations with repeated and single time-point measures, respectively. RESULTS: Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) exposure in the third tertile, compared to the first tertile, was associated with higher BMI (beta = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.47) and WHtR z-score (beta = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.51). A continuous increase in HCB was associated with an elevated body fat % (beta per 10-fold increase = 4.21; 95% CI: 0.51, 7.92), systolic BP (beta = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.64) and diastolic BP z-score (beta = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.62) across all ages, and with higher CM-risk score (beta = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.02, 3.18) and lipid biomarkers (total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) at 14 years. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) exposure was non-monotonically associated with BMI and systolic BP. p,p'-DDE and Sigma-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (sum of congeners 118, 138, 153, 180) were not associated with adiposity or BP. p,p'-DDT exposure was associated with an increased CM-risk score, and SigmaPCBs concentrations with LDL-C in all adolescents and with total cholesterol only in girls (p-sex interaction = 0.05). CONCLUSION: This first longitudinal study from 4 to 18 years suggests that the previously reported POP associations with child BMI persist later in adolescence and that prenatal POP exposures are associated with major risk factors for adult CM syndrome. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Guil-Oumrait, Nuria AU - Guil-Oumrait N AD - Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: nuria.guil@isglobal.org. FAU - Valvi, Damaskini AU - Valvi D AD - Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address: dania.valvi@mssm.edu. FAU - Garcia-Esteban, Raquel AU - Garcia-Esteban R AD - Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spain. Electronic address: raquel.garcia@isglobal.org. FAU - Guxens, Monica AU - Guxens M AD - Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: monica.guxens@isglobal.org. FAU - Sunyer, Jordi AU - Sunyer J AD - Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spain; IMIM-Parc Salut Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: jordi.sunyer@isglobal.org. FAU - Torrent, Maties AU - Torrent M AD - Ib-salut, Area de Salut de Menorca, Menorca, Spain. Electronic address: maties.torrent@ssib.es. FAU - Casas, Maribel AU - Casas M AD - Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spain. Electronic address: maribel.casas@isglobal.org. FAU - Vrijheid, Martine AU - Vrijheid M AD - Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spain. Electronic address: martine.vrijheid@isglobal.org. LA - eng GR - P30 ES023515/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 ES029328/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20210309 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Int JT - Environment international JID - 7807270 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Biomarkers MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/etiology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cohort Studies MH - *Environmental Pollutants/toxicity MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - Obesity/epidemiology MH - Persistent Organic Pollutants MH - Pregnancy MH - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology MH - Spain/epidemiology PMC - PMC7960637 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardiometabolic syndrome OT - Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) OT - Endocrine disruptors OT - Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) OT - Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) OT - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) COIS- The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/03/13 06:00 MHDA- 2021/04/27 06:00 PMCR- 2021/06/01 CRDT- 2021/03/12 20:17 PHST- 2020/11/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/02/10 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/02/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/03/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/04/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/03/12 20:17 [entrez] PHST- 2021/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0160-4120(21)00094-5 [pii] AID - 106469 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106469 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Int. 2021 Jun;151:106469. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106469. Epub 2021 Mar 9.