PMID- 33722670
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211013
LR  - 20211013
IS  - 1095-9572 (Electronic)
IS  - 1053-8119 (Linking)
VI  - 234
DP  - 2021 Jul 1
TI  - Decoding with confidence: Statistical control on decoder maps.
PG  - 117921
LID - S1053-8119(21)00198-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117921 [doi]
AB  - In brain imaging, decoding is widely used to infer relationships between brain 
      and cognition, or to craft brain-imaging biomarkers of pathologies. Yet, standard 
      decoding procedures do not come with statistical guarantees, and thus do not give 
      confidence bounds to interpret the pattern maps that they produce. Indeed, in 
      whole-brain decoding settings, the number of explanatory variables is much 
      greater than the number of samples, hence classical statistical inference 
      methodology cannot be applied. Specifically, the standard practice that consists 
      in thresholding decoding maps is not a correct inference procedure. We contribute 
      a new statistical-testing framework for this type of inference. To overcome the 
      statistical inefficiency of voxel-level control, we generalize the Family Wise 
      Error Rate (FWER) to account for a spatial tolerance delta, introducing the delta-Family 
      Wise Error Rate (delta-FWER). Then, we present a decoding procedure that can control 
      the delta-FWER: the Ensemble of Clustered Desparsified Lasso (EnCluDL), a procedure 
      for multivariate statistical inference on high-dimensional structured data. We 
      evaluate the statistical properties of EnCluDL with a thorough empirical study, 
      along with three alternative procedures including decoder map thresholding. We 
      show that EnCluDL exhibits the best recovery properties while ensuring the 
      expected statistical control.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Chevalier, Jerome-Alexis
AU  - Chevalier JA
AD  - Parietal project-team, Inria Saclay-Ile de France, Palaiseau, France; 
      CEA/Neurospin bat 145, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; Universite Paris-Saclay, 
      Gif-Sur-Yvette, France. Electronic address: jerome-alexis.chevalier@inria.fr.
FAU - Nguyen, Tuan-Binh
AU  - Nguyen TB
AD  - Parietal project-team, Inria Saclay-Ile de France, Palaiseau, France; 
      CEA/Neurospin bat 145, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; Universite Paris-Saclay, 
      Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; LMO, Universite Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
FAU - Salmon, Joseph
AU  - Salmon J
AD  - IMAG, Universite de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
FAU - Varoquaux, Gael
AU  - Varoquaux G
AD  - Parietal project-team, Inria Saclay-Ile de France, Palaiseau, France; 
      CEA/Neurospin bat 145, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; Universite Paris-Saclay, 
      Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
FAU - Thirion, Bertrand
AU  - Thirion B
AD  - Parietal project-team, Inria Saclay-Ile de France, Palaiseau, France; 
      CEA/Neurospin bat 145, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; Universite Paris-Saclay, 
      Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
LA  - eng
GR  - U54 MH091657/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210312
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroimage
JT  - NeuroImage
JID - 9215515
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Brain/*diagnostic imaging/*physiology
MH  - Brain Mapping/*methods
MH  - *Data Analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - *Neural Networks, Computer
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/physiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Decoding
OT  - High dimension
OT  - Inference
OT  - Multivariate model
OT  - Statistical control
OT  - Statistical methods
OT  - Support recovery
OT  - fMRI
EDAT- 2021/03/17 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/14 06:00
CRDT- 2021/03/16 06:09
PHST- 2020/04/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/16 06:09 [entrez]
AID - S1053-8119(21)00198-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117921 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroimage. 2021 Jul 1;234:117921. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117921. Epub 
      2021 Mar 12.