PMID- 33736213
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210322
LR  - 20210322
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 271
DP  - 2021 May
TI  - A critical review on the formation, fate and degradation of the persistent 
      organic pollutant hexachlorocyclohexane in water systems and waste streams.
PG  - 129866
LID - S0045-6535(21)00335-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129866 [doi]
AB  - The environmental impacts of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is an 
      increasingly prominent topic in the scientific community. POPs are stable 
      chemicals that are accumulated in living beings and can act as endocrine 
      disruptors or carcinogens on prolonged exposure. Although efforts have been taken 
      to minimize or ban the use of certain POPs, their use is still widespread due to 
      their importance in several industries. As a result, it is imperative that POPs 
      in the ecosystem are degraded efficiently and safely in order to avoid 
      long-lasting environmental damage. This review focuses on the degradation 
      techniques of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a pollutant that has strong adverse 
      effects on a variety of organisms. Different technologies such as adsorption, 
      bioremediation and advanced oxidation process have been critically analyzed in 
      this study. All 3 techniques have exhibited near complete removal of HCH under 
      ideal conditions, and the median removal efficiency values for adsorption, 
      bioremediation and advanced oxidation process were found to be 80%, 93% and 82% 
      respectively. However, it must be noted that there is no ideal HCH removal 
      technique and the selection of removal method depends on several factors. 
      Furthermore, the fates of HCH in the environment and challenges faced by HCH 
      degradation have also been explained in this study. The future scope for research 
      in this field has also received attention.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Adithya, Srikanth
AU  - Adithya S
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of 
      Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
FAU - Jayaraman, Ramesh Sai
AU  - Jayaraman RS
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of 
      Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
FAU - Krishnan, Abhishek
AU  - Krishnan A
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of 
      Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
FAU - Malolan, Rajagopal
AU  - Malolan R
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of 
      Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
FAU - Gopinath, Kannappan Panchamoorthy
AU  - Gopinath KP
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of 
      Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
FAU - Arun, Jayaseelan
AU  - Arun J
AD  - Centre for Waste Management, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute 
      of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar (OMR), Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, 
      India.
FAU - Kim, Woong
AU  - Kim W
AD  - Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 
      South Korea.
FAU - Govarthanan, Muthusamy
AU  - Govarthanan M
AD  - Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 
      South Korea. Electronic address: gova.muthu@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210208
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 59NEE7PCAB (Hexachlorocyclohexane)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biodegradation, Environmental
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - *Hexachlorocyclohexane
MH  - *Persistent Organic Pollutants
MH  - Water
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Advanced oxidation process
OT  - Degradation
OT  - Hexachlorocyclohexane
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Wastewater
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declared that they dont have no 
      known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have 
      appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2021/03/20 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/23 06:00
CRDT- 2021/03/19 01:02
PHST- 2020/12/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/19 01:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/23 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0045-6535(21)00335-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129866 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2021 May;271:129866. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129866. Epub 
      2021 Feb 8.