PMID- 33736313 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210322 LR - 20221207 IS - 1879-1026 (Electronic) IS - 0048-9697 (Linking) VI - 768 DP - 2021 May 10 TI - Modelling the interplay of future changes and wastewater management measures on the microbiological river water quality considering safe drinking water production. PG - 144278 LID - S0048-9697(20)37809-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144278 [doi] AB - Rivers are important for drinking water supply worldwide. However, they are often impacted by pathogen discharges via wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and combined sewer overflows (CSO). To date, accurate predictions of the effects of future changes and pollution control measures on the microbiological water quality of rivers considering safe drinking water production are hindered due to the uncertainty of the pathogen source and transport variables. The aim of this study was to test an integrative approach for an improved understanding of these effects, i.e. climate change and population growth as well as enhanced treatment at WWTPs and/or prevention of CSOs. We applied a significantly extended version of QMRAcatch (v1.0 Python), a probabilistic-deterministic model that combines fate and transport modelling with quantitative microbial infection risk assessment. The impact of climatic changes until the period 2035-2049 was investigated by a conceptual semi-distributed hydrological model, based on regional climate model outputs. QMRAcatch was calibrated and validated using site- and source-specific data (human-associated genetic microbial source tracking marker and enterovirus). The study showed that the degree to which future changes affect drinking water safety strongly depends on the type and magnitude of faecal pollution sources and are thus highly site- and scenario-specific. For example, if the load of pathogens from WWTPs is reduced through enhanced treatment, climate-change driven increases in CSOs had a considerable impact. Preventing CSOs and installing enhanced treatment at the WWTPs together had the most significant positive effect. The simultaneous consideration of source apportionment and concentrations of reference pathogens, focusing on human-specific viruses (enterovirus, norovirus) and cross-comparison with bacterial and protozoan pathogens (Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium), was found crucial to quantify these effects. While demonstrated here for a large, wastewater-impacted river, the approach is applicable at other catchments and pollution sources. It allows assessing future changes and selecting suitable pollution control measures for long-term water safety planning. CI - Copyright (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Demeter, Katalin AU - Demeter K AD - Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering E166/5/3, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, A-1060 Vienna, Austria; Center for Water Resource Systems E222, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Derx, Julia AU - Derx J AD - Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management E222/2, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Komma, Jurgen AU - Komma J AD - Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management E222/2, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Parajka, Juraj AU - Parajka J AD - Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management E222/2, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Schijven, Jack AU - Schijven J AD - Department of Statistics, Informatics and Modelling, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands. FAU - Sommer, Regina AU - Sommer R AD - Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Cervero-Arago, Silvia AU - Cervero-Arago S AD - Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Lindner, Gerhard AU - Lindner G AD - Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Zoufal-Hruza, Christa M AU - Zoufal-Hruza CM AD - Division of Hygiene, Municipal Department 39, City Administration Vienna, Rinnbockstrasse 15/2, A-1110 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Linke, Rita AU - Linke R AD - Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering E166/5/3, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Savio, Domenico AU - Savio D AD - Division Water Quality and Health, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, A-3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria. FAU - Ixenmaier, Simone K AU - Ixenmaier SK AD - Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering E166/5/3, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Kirschner, Alexander K T AU - Kirschner AKT AD - Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Kromp, Harald AU - Kromp H AD - Vienna Water, City Administration Vienna, Grabnergasse 4-6, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Blaschke, Alfred P AU - Blaschke AP AD - Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management E222/2, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Farnleitner, Andreas H AU - Farnleitner AH AD - Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering E166/5/3, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, A-1060 Vienna, Austria; Division Water Quality and Health, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, A-3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria. Electronic address: andreas.farnleitner@kl.ac.at. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20201224 PL - Netherlands TA - Sci Total Environ JT - The Science of the total environment JID - 0330500 RN - 0 (Drinking Water) RN - 0 (Waste Water) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Cryptosporidiosis MH - *Cryptosporidium MH - *Drinking Water MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - Humans MH - Rivers MH - Wastewater MH - Water Microbiology MH - Water Quality OTO - NOTNLM OT - Climate change OT - Fate and transport model OT - Human-associated MST OT - Quantitative microbial risk assessment OT - Reference pathogens COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2021/03/20 06:00 MHDA- 2021/03/23 06:00 CRDT- 2021/03/19 01:03 PHST- 2020/09/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/11/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/11/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/03/19 01:03 [entrez] PHST- 2021/03/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/03/23 06:00 [medline] AID - S0048-9697(20)37809-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144278 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 10;768:144278. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144278. Epub 2020 Dec 24.