PMID- 33742062
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210405
LR  - 20210405
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Mar 19
TI  - Identification of macrophage activation-related biomarkers in obese type 2 
      diabetes that may be indicative of enhanced respiratory risk in COVID-19.
PG  - 6428
LID - 10.1038/s41598-021-85760-y [doi]
LID - 6428
AB  - Hyperactivation of the immune system through obesity and diabetes may enhance 
      infection severity complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The 
      objective was to determine the circulatory biomarkers for macrophage activation 
      at baseline and after serum glucose normalization in obese type 2 diabetes (OT2D) 
      subjects. A case-controlled interventional pilot study in OT2D (n = 23) and 
      control subjects (n = 23). OT2D subjects underwent hyperinsulinemic clamp to 
      normalize serum glucose. Plasma macrophage-related proteins were determined using 
      Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer-scan plasma protein measurement at baseline 
      (control and OT2D subjects) and after 1-h of insulin clamp (OT2D subjects only). 
      Basal M1 macrophage activation was characterized by elevated levels of M1 
      macrophage-specific surface proteins, CD80 and CD38, and cytokines or chemokines 
      (CXCL1, CXCL5, RANTES) released by activated M1 macrophages. Two potent M1 
      macrophage activation markers, CXCL9 and CXCL10, were decreased in OT2D. 
      Activated M2 macrophages were characterized by elevated levels of plasma CD163, 
      TFGbeta-1, MMP7 and MMP9 in OT2D. Conventional mediators of both M1 and M2 
      macrophage activation markers (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-13) were not altered. No changes 
      were observed in plasma levels of M1/M2 macrophage activation markers in OT2D in 
      response to acute normalization of glycemia. In the basal state, macrophage 
      activation markers are elevated, and these reflect the expression of circulatory 
      cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases in obese 
      individuals with type 2 diabetes, that were not changed by glucose normalisation. 
      These differences could potentially predispose diabetic individuals to increased 
      infection severity complicated by ARDS. Clinical trial reg. no: NCT03102801; 
      registration date April 6, 2017.
FAU - Moin, Abu Saleh Md
AU  - Moin ASM
AD  - Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad 
      Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
FAU - Sathyapalan, Thozhukat
AU  - Sathyapalan T
AD  - Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, 
      UK.
FAU - Diboun, Ilhame
AU  - Diboun I
AD  - Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar.
FAU - Atkin, Stephen L
AU  - Atkin SL
AD  - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Kingdom of Bahrain.
FAU - Butler, Alexandra E
AU  - Butler AE
AD  - Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad 
      Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar. 
      aeb91011@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
SI  - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03102801
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210319
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - COVID-19/blood/*etiology/immunology
MH  - Cytokines/blood/immunology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/*complications/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/blood/complications/immunology
MH  - *Macrophage Activation
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Obesity/blood/*complications/immunology
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Risk Factors
PMC - PMC7979696
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/03/21 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/07 06:00
PMCR- 2021/03/19
CRDT- 2021/03/20 06:31
PHST- 2020/10/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/20 06:31 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-85760-y [pii]
AID - 85760 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-85760-y [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 19;11(1):6428. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85760-y.