PMID- 33750805
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240331
IS  - 2662-6810 (Print)
IS  - 2052-7276 (Electronic)
IS  - 2052-7276 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Mar 10
TI  - The chromosome-level genome of dragon fruit reveals whole-genome duplication and 
      chromosomal co-localization of betacyanin biosynthetic genes.
PG  - 63
LID - 10.1038/s41438-021-00501-6 [doi]
LID - 63
AB  - Dragon fruits are tropical fruits economically important for agricultural 
      industries. As members of the family of Cactaceae, they have evolved to adapt to 
      the arid environment. Here we report the draft genome of Hylocereus undatus, 
      commercially known as the white-fleshed dragon fruit. The chromosomal level 
      genome assembly contains 11 longest scaffolds corresponding to the 11 chromosomes 
      of H. undatus. Genome annotation of H. undatus found ~29,000 protein-coding 
      genes, similar to Carnegiea gigantea (saguaro). Whole-genome duplication (WGD) 
      analysis revealed a WGD event in the last common ancestor of Cactaceae followed 
      by extensive genome rearrangements. The divergence time between H. undatus and C. 
      gigantea was estimated to be 9.18 MYA. Functional enrichment analysis of 
      orthologous gene clusters (OGCs) in six Cactaceae plants found significantly 
      enriched OGCs in drought resistance. Fruit flavor-related functions were 
      overrepresented in OGCs that are significantly expanded in H. undatus. The H. 
      undatus draft genome also enabled the discovery of carbohydrate and plant cell 
      wall-related functional enrichment in dragon fruits treated with trypsin for a 
      longer storage time. Lastly, genes of the betacyanin (a red-violet pigment and 
      antioxidant with a very high concentration in dragon fruits) biosynthetic pathway 
      were found to be co-localized on a 12 Mb region of one chromosome. The 
      consequence may be a higher efficiency of betacyanin biosynthesis, which will 
      need experimental validation in the future. The H. undatus draft genome will be a 
      great resource to study various cactus plants.
FAU - Zheng, Jinfang
AU  - Zheng J
AD  - Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, 
      University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
FAU - Meinhardt, Lyndel W
AU  - Meinhardt LW
AD  - Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA.
FAU - Goenaga, Ricardo
AU  - Goenaga R
AD  - Tropical Agriculture Research Station, USDA-ARS, Puerto Rico, PR, USA.
FAU - Zhang, Dapeng
AU  - Zhang D
AD  - Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA. 
      dapeng.zhang@usda.gov.
FAU - Yin, Yanbin
AU  - Yin Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7667-881X
AD  - Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, 
      University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA. yyin@unl.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - 58-8042-9-089/United States Department of Agriculture | Agricultural Research 
      Service (USDA Agricultural Research Service)/
GR  - DBI-1933521/NSF | Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO)/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210310
PL  - England
TA  - Hortic Res
JT  - Horticulture research
JID - 101655540
PMC - PMC7943767
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/03/23 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/23 06:01
PMCR- 2021/03/10
CRDT- 2021/03/22 18:38
PHST- 2020/11/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/22 18:38 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/23 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41438-021-00501-6 [pii]
AID - 501 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41438-021-00501-6 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Hortic Res. 2021 Mar 10;8(1):63. doi: 10.1038/s41438-021-00501-6.