PMID- 33754074
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210726
LR  - 20231111
IS  - 1838-7640 (Electronic)
IS  - 1838-7640 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 9
DP  - 2021
TI  - Impact of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on atherosclerosis: 
      from pharmacology to pre-clinical and clinical therapeutics.
PG  - 4502-4515
LID - 10.7150/thno.54498 [doi]
AB  - Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are new oral drugs for the 
      therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research in the past 
      decade has shown that drugs of the SGLT2i class, such as empagliflozin, 
      canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin, have pleiotropic effects in preventing 
      cardiovascular diseases beyond their favorable impact on hyperglycemia. Of 
      clinical relevance, recent landmark cardiovascular outcome trials have 
      demonstrated that SGLT2i reduce major adverse cardiovascular events, 
      hospitalization for heart failure, and cardiovascular death in T2DM patients 
      with/without cardiovascular diseases (including atherosclerotic cardiovascular 
      diseases and various types of heart failure). The major pharmacological action of 
      SGLT2i is through inhibiting glucose re-absorption in the kidney and thus 
      promoting glucose excretion. Studies in experimental models of atherosclerosis 
      have shown that SGLT2i ameliorate the progression of atherosclerosis by 
      mechanisms including inhibition of vascular inflammation, reduction in oxidative 
      stress, reversing endothelial dysfunction, reducing foam cell formation and 
      preventing platelet activation. Here, we summarize the anti-atherosclerotic 
      actions and mechanisms of action of SGLT2i, with an aim to emphasize the clinical 
      utility of this class of agents in preventing the insidious cardiovascular 
      complications accompanying diabetes.
CI  - (c) The author(s).
FAU - Liu, Zhenghong
AU  - Liu Z
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of 
      Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 
      China.
FAU - Ma, Xiaoxuan
AU  - Ma X
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of 
      Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 
      China.
FAU - Ilyas, Iqra
AU  - Ilyas I
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of 
      Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 
      China.
FAU - Zheng, Xueying
AU  - Zheng X
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of 
      Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 
      China.
FAU - Luo, Sihui
AU  - Luo S
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of 
      Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 
      China.
FAU - Little, Peter J
AU  - Little PJ
AD  - Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD 
      4575, Australia.
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of 
      Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
FAU - Kamato, Danielle
AU  - Kamato D
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of 
      Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
FAU - Sahebkar, Amirhossein
AU  - Sahebkar A
AD  - Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
AD  - Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad 
      University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran.
FAU - Wu, Weiming
AU  - Wu W
AD  - Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 
      China.
FAU - Weng, Jianping
AU  - Weng J
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of 
      Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 
      China.
FAU - Xu, Suowen
AU  - Xu S
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of 
      Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 
      China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210304
PL  - Australia
TA  - Theranostics
JT  - Theranostics
JID - 101552395
RN  - 0 (Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2)
RN  - 0 (Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Atherosclerosis/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/*metabolism
MH  - Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
PMC - PMC7977463
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - SGLT2 inhibitors
OT  - atherosclerosis
OT  - cardiovascular complications
OT  - diabetes
OT  - therapy
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.
EDAT- 2021/03/24 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/27 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2021/03/23 06:56
PHST- 2020/10/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/23 06:56 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - thnov11p4502 [pii]
AID - 10.7150/thno.54498 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Theranostics. 2021 Mar 4;11(9):4502-4515. doi: 10.7150/thno.54498. eCollection 
      2021.