PMID- 33758522
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220421
IS  - 1178-7007 (Print)
IS  - 1178-7007 (Electronic)
IS  - 1178-7007 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2021
TI  - Gene Expression Profiling of Apoptotic Proteins in Circulating Peripheral Blood 
      Mononuclear Cells in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Modulation by Metformin.
PG  - 1129-1139
LID - 10.2147/DMSO.S300048 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 
      is associated with cardiovascular complications such as atherosclerosis. On the 
      other hand, the reduction of apoptosis in macrophages has been linked with 
      accelerated atherosclerosis. Apoptosis is controlled by a different family of 
      proteins including Bcl-2 and caspases. METHODS: To examine apoptosis in insulin 
      resistance, we assessed the mRNA expression by qRT-PCR of several Bcl-2 family 
      members, as well as caspase-3, -7, -8, and -9 in peripheral blood mononuclear 
      cells (PBMCs) isolated from lean, obese, diabetic, and diabetic on metformin 
      individuals. RESULTS: PBMCs of diabetic individuals exhibited reduced expression 
      of caspase-7 and increased expression of Bcl-10, Bad, Bax, Bid, and caspase-3. 
      T2DM on metformin group had significantly higher Bad, Bax, and caspase-7 
      expression. DISCUSSION: The moderate up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-10, Bax, 
      Bad, Bid, and the effector caspase-3 coupled with inhibition of caspase-7 in 
      circulating PBMCs of T2DM could be the result of increased inflammation in T2DM. 
      Metformin treatment significantly inhibited the expression of Bcl-10, Bid, and 
      caspase-3 and upregulated Bad/Bax/caspase-7 pathway suggesting the activation of 
      Bad/Bax/caspase-7 apoptotic pathway. Further studies are warranted to elicit the 
      underlying apoptotic pathways of PBMCs in T2DM and following metformin treatment.
CI  - (c) 2021 Al Dubayee et al.
FAU - Al Dubayee, Mohammed
AU  - Al Dubayee M
AD  - College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences 
      (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi 
      Arabia.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), 
      Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alshahrani, Awad
AU  - Alshahrani A
AD  - College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences 
      (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi 
      Arabia.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), 
      Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Aljada, Dana
AU  - Aljada D
AD  - College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.
FAU - Zahra, Mahmoud
AU  - Zahra M
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal 
      University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alotaibi, Ahmed
AU  - Alotaibi A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0366-3817
AD  - College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences 
      (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Ababtain, Ibrahim
AU  - Ababtain I
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5233-9450
AD  - College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences 
      (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alnaim, Malik
AU  - Alnaim M
AD  - College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences 
      (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alahmari, Ali
AU  - Alahmari A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6138-8964
AD  - College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences 
      (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Aljarallah, Abdullah
AU  - Aljarallah A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2985-5515
AD  - College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences 
      (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Elahi, Muhammad Affan
AU  - Elahi MA
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal 
      University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Fakhoury, Hana M A
AU  - Fakhoury HMA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9974-2108
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal 
      University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210315
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes
JT  - Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy
JID - 101515585
PMC - PMC7979348
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BCl-10
OT  - BCl-2
OT  - PBMC
OT  - T2DM
OT  - apoptosis
OT  - caspase
OT  - peripheral blood mononuclear cells
COIS- The authors report no conflicts of interest for this work and declare that the 
      research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial 
      relationships that could be constructed as a potential conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/03/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/25 06:01
PMCR- 2021/03/15
CRDT- 2021/03/24 06:44
PHST- 2021/01/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/24 06:44 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 300048 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/DMSO.S300048 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021 Mar 15;14:1129-1139. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S300048. 
      eCollection 2021.