PMID- 33796506
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210403
IS  - 2296-2646 (Print)
IS  - 2296-2646 (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-2646 (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2021
TI  - Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon 
      Nanotubes.
PG  - 641147
LID - 10.3389/fchem.2021.641147 [doi]
LID - 641147
AB  - Illicit drugs use and abuse remains an increasing challenge for worldwide 
      authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect 
      them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently 
      classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants as their consumption 
      increased tremendously in recent years. Nanomaterials have gained much attention 
      over the last decade in the development of sensors for a myriad of applications. 
      The applicability of these nanomaterials, functionalized or not, significantly 
      increases and it is therefore highly suitable for use in the detection of illicit 
      drugs. We have assessed the suitability of various nanoplatforms, such as 
      graphene (GPH), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), gold nanoparticles 
      (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) for the electrochemical detection of 
      illicit drugs. GPH and MWCNTs were chosen as the most suitable platforms and 
      cocaine, 3,4-methylendioxymethamfetamine (MDMA), 3-methylmethcathinone (MMC) and 
      alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP) were tested. Due to the hydrophobicity of the 
      nanomaterials-based platforms which led to low signals, two strategies were 
      followed namely, pretreatment of the electrodes in sulfuric acid by cyclic 
      voltammetry and addition of Tween 20 to the detection buffer. Both strategies led 
      to an increase in the oxidation signal of illicit drugs. Binary mixtures of 
      illicit drugs with common adulterants found in street samples were also 
      investigated. The proposed strategies allowed the sensitive detection of illicit 
      drugs in the presence of most adulterants. The suitability of the proposed 
      sensors for the detection of illicit drugs in spiked wastewaters was finally 
      assessed.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Dragan, Truta, Tertis, Florea, Schram, Cernat, Feier, De Wael, 
      Cristea and Oprean.
FAU - Dragan, Ana-Maria
AU  - Dragan AM
AD  - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Hatieganu" 
      University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
FAU - Truta, Florina Maria
AU  - Truta FM
AD  - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Hatieganu" 
      University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
FAU - Tertis, Mihaela
AU  - Tertis M
AD  - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Hatieganu" 
      University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
FAU - Florea, Anca
AU  - Florea A
AD  - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Hatieganu" 
      University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
FAU - Schram, Jonas
AU  - Schram J
AD  - Axes Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
FAU - Cernat, Andreea
AU  - Cernat A
AD  - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Hatieganu" 
      University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
FAU - Feier, Bogdan
AU  - Feier B
AD  - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Hatieganu" 
      University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
FAU - De Wael, Karolien
AU  - De Wael K
AD  - Axes Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
AD  - NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
FAU - Cristea, Cecilia
AU  - Cristea C
AD  - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Hatieganu" 
      University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
FAU - Oprean, Radu
AU  - Oprean R
AD  - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Hatieganu" 
      University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210316
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Chem
JT  - Frontiers in chemistry
JID - 101627988
PMC - PMC8007852
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - MDMA
OT  - MMC
OT  - MWCNT
OT  - PVP
OT  - cocaine
OT  - electrochemical sensors
OT  - graphene
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/04/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/03 06:01
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2021/04/02 06:36
PHST- 2020/12/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/02 06:36 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/03 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 641147 [pii]
AID - 10.3389/fchem.2021.641147 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Chem. 2021 Mar 16;9:641147. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.641147. eCollection 
      2021.