PMID- 33797313
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211216
LR  - 20211216
IS  - 2150-5608 (Electronic)
IS  - 2150-5594 (Print)
IS  - 2150-5594 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Dec
TI  - Attenuation of porcine deltacoronavirus disease severity by porcine reproductive 
      and respiratory syndrome virus coinfection in a weaning pig model.
PG  - 1011-1021
LID - 10.1080/21505594.2021.1908742 [doi]
AB  - Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a potentially emerging zoonotic pathogen that 
      causes severe diarrhea in young pigs, with a risk of fatal dehydration. Its 
      pathogenicity on neonatal piglet has been previously reported, however, it is 
      less known if the coinfection with immunosuppressive pathogens can influence 
      PDCoV disease manifestation. Here, a coinfection model of PDCoV and porcine 
      reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a global-spread 
      immunosuppressive virus, was set to study their interaction. Weaning pigs in the 
      coinfection group were intranasally inoculated with PRRSV NADC30-like virus and 
      latterly orally inoculated with PDCoV at three day-post-inoculation (DPI). 
      Unexpectedly, compared with pigs in the PDCoV single-infected group, the 
      coinfected pigs did not show any obvious diarrhea, as PDCoV fecal shedding, 
      average daily weight gain (ADWG), gross and microscopic lesions and PDCoV IHC 
      scores consistently indicated that PRRSV coinfection lessened PDCoV caused 
      diarrhea. Additionally, three proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6, 
      which can be secreted by PRRSV infected macrophages, were detected to be highly 
      expressed at the intestine from both PRRSV infected groups. By adding to 
      PDCoV-infected cells, these three cytokines were further confirmed to be able to 
      inhibit the PDCoV replication post its cellular entry. Meanwhile, the inhibition 
      effect of the supernatant from PRRSV-infected PAMs could be obviously blocked by 
      the antagonist of these three cytokines. In conclusion, PRRSV coinfection 
      increased TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 in the microenvironment of intestines, which 
      inhibits the PDCoV proliferation, leading to lessened severity of diarrhea. The 
      findings provide some new insight into the pathogenesis and replication 
      regulation of PDCoV.
FAU - Zhou, Xinrong
AU  - Zhou X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 
      Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 
      P.R. China.
FAU - Ge, Xinna
AU  - Ge X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 
      Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 
      P.R. China.
FAU - Zhang, Yongning
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 
      Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 
      P.R. China.
FAU - Han, Jun
AU  - Han J
AD  - Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 
      Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 
      P.R. China.
FAU - Guo, Xin
AU  - Guo X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 
      Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 
      P.R. China.
FAU - Chen, Yanhong
AU  - Chen Y
AD  - Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 
      Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 
      P.R. China.
FAU - Zhou, Lei
AU  - Zhou L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8837-3965
AD  - Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 
      Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 
      P.R. China.
FAU - Yang, Hanchun
AU  - Yang H
AD  - Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 
      Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 
      P.R. China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Virulence
JT  - Virulence
JID - 101531386
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-1)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - Porcine coronavirus HKU15
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Coinfection
MH  - Cytokines
MH  - *Deltacoronavirus
MH  - Diarrhea/veterinary
MH  - Interleukin-1
MH  - Interleukin-6
MH  - *Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Swine
MH  - *Swine Diseases/virology
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
MH  - Weaning
PMC - PMC8023240
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Porcine deltacoronavirus
OT  - coinfection
OT  - pathogenicity
OT  - porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
OT  - proinflammatory cytokines
COIS- No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
EDAT- 2021/04/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/17 06:00
PMCR- 2021/04/02
CRDT- 2021/04/02 12:13
PHST- 2021/04/02 12:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1908742 [pii]
AID - 10.1080/21505594.2021.1908742 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Virulence. 2021 Dec;12(1):1011-1021. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1908742.