PMID- 33801430
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210413
IS  - 2227-9032 (Print)
IS  - 2227-9032 (Electronic)
IS  - 2227-9032 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 3
DP  - 2021 Mar 2
TI  - Maximum Expiratory Flow of Children and Adolescents Living at Moderate Altitudes: 
      Proposed Reference Values.
LID - 10.3390/healthcare9030264 [doi]
LID - 264
AB  - (1) Background: Spirometry is useful for diagnosing and monitoring many 
      respiratory diseases. The objectives were: (a) compare maximum expiratory flow 
      (MEF) values with those from international studies, (b) determine if MEF should 
      be evaluated by chronological age and/or maturity, (c) develop reference norms 
      for children, and adolescents. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed 
      with 3900 subjects ages 6.0 and 17.9 years old. Weight, standing height, sitting 
      height, and MEF were measured. Length of the lower limbs, body mass index (BMI), 
      and age of peak height velocity growth (APHV) were calculated. (3) Results: 
      Values for the curves (p50) for females of all ages from Spain and Italy were 
      higher (92 to 382 (L/min)) than those for females from Arequipa (Peru). Curve 
      values for males from Spain and Italy were greater [70 to 125 (L/min)] than the 
      males studied. MEF values were similar to those of Chilean students ages 6 to 11. 
      However, from 12 to 17 years old, values were lower in males (25 to 55 (L/min)) 
      and in females (23.5 to 90 (L/min)). Correlations between chronological age and 
      MEF in males were from (r = 0.68, R(2) = 0.39) and in females from (r = 0.46, 
      R(2) = 0.21). Correlations between maturity (APHV) and MEF for males were from (r 
      = 0.66, R(2) = 0.44) and for females (r = 0.51, R(2) = 0.26). Percentiles were 
      calculated for chronological age and APHV. Conclusion: Differences occurred in 
      MEF when compared with other geographical regions of the world. We determined 
      that maturity may be a more effective indicator for analyzing MEF. Reference 
      values were generated using chronological age and maturity.
FAU - Cossio-Bolanos, Marco
AU  - Cossio-Bolanos M
AD  - Universidad Catolica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, 3466706 Talca, Chile.
FAU - Vidal-Espinoza, Ruben
AU  - Vidal-Espinoza R
AD  - Universidad Catolica Silva Henriquez, Gral. Jofre 462, 8330225 Santiago, Chile.
FAU - Castelli Correia de Campos, Luis Felipe
AU  - Castelli Correia de Campos LF
AD  - Universidad del Bio Bio, Avda. Collao 1202 Casilla 5-C, 4050231 Chillan, Chile.
FAU - Urzua-Alul, Luis
AU  - Urzua-Alul L
AD  - Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomas, 8320000 
      Santiago, Chile.
FAU - Fuentes-Lopez, Jose Damian
AU  - Fuentes-Lopez JD
AD  - Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Educacion (IICE), Universidad 
      Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, 21001 Puno, Peru.
FAU - Sulla-Torres, Jose
AU  - Sulla-Torres J
AD  - Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, 04000 Arequipa, Peru.
FAU - Andruske, Cynthia Lee
AU  - Andruske CL
AD  - Centro de Investigacion Especializada CINEMAROS, 04000 Arequipa, Peru.
FAU - Gomez-Campos, Rossana
AU  - Gomez-Campos R
AD  - Universidad Catolica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, 3466706 Talca, Chile.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210302
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Healthcare (Basel)
JT  - Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101666525
PMC - PMC7998629
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - adolescents
OT  - altitude
OT  - children
OT  - maximum expiratory flow
OT  - percentiles
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/04/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/04 06:01
PMCR- 2021/03/02
CRDT- 2021/04/03 01:08
PHST- 2021/01/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/03 01:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - healthcare9030264 [pii]
AID - healthcare-09-00264 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/healthcare9030264 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Mar 2;9(3):264. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9030264.