PMID- 33801756
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240401
IS  - 2076-2615 (Print)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Mar 27
TI  - Clinical Cytogenetics of the Dog: A Review.
LID - 10.3390/ani11040947 [doi]
LID - 947
AB  - The dog is an important companion animal and has been recognized as a model in 
      biomedical research. Its karyotype is characterized by a high chromosome number 
      (2n = 78) and by the presence of one-arm autosomes, which are mostly small in 
      size. This makes the dog a difficult subject for cytogenetic studies. However, 
      there are some chromosome abnormalities that can be easily identified, such as 
      sex chromosome aneuploidies, XX/XY leukocyte chimerism, and centric fusions 
      (Robertsonian translocations). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the 
      use of whole-chromosome painting or locus-specific probes has improved our 
      ability to identify and characterize chromosomal abnormalities, including 
      reciprocal translocations. The evaluation of sex chromosome complement is an 
      important diagnostic step in dogs with disorders of sex development (DSD). In 
      such cases, FISH can detect the copy number variants (CNVs) associated with the 
      DSD phenotype. Since cancers are frequently diagnosed in dogs, cytogenetic 
      evaluation of tumors has also been undertaken and specific chromosome mutations 
      for some cancers have been reported. However, the study of meiotic, gamete, and 
      embryo chromosomes is not very advanced. Knowledge of canine genome organization 
      and new molecular tools, such as aCGH (array comparative genome hybridization), 
      SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) microarray, and ddPCR (droplet digital PCR) 
      allow the identification of chromosomal rearrangements. It is anticipated that 
      the comprehensive use of chromosome banding, FISH, and molecular techniques will 
      substantially improve the diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities in dogs.
FAU - Szczerbal, Izabela
AU  - Szczerbal I
AD  - Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 
      60-637 Poznan, Poland.
FAU - Switonski, Marek
AU  - Switonski M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2539-9508
AD  - Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 
      60-637 Poznan, Poland.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2016/23/B/NZ9/03424/National Science Centre/
GR  - 508.534.00.0/Statutory fund of the Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, 
      Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210327
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Animals (Basel)
JT  - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
JID - 101635614
PMC - PMC8066086
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - aneuploidy
OT  - cancer cytogenetics
OT  - centric fusion
OT  - chimerism
OT  - disorder of sex development
OT  - freemartinism
OT  - intersexualism
OT  - mosaicism
OT  - reciprocal translocation
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/04/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/04 06:01
PMCR- 2021/03/27
CRDT- 2021/04/03 01:09
PHST- 2021/02/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/03 01:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ani11040947 [pii]
AID - animals-11-00947 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ani11040947 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Animals (Basel). 2021 Mar 27;11(4):947. doi: 10.3390/ani11040947.