PMID- 33801860 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210503 LR - 20210503 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 6 DP - 2021 Mar 10 TI - Effect of Freshly Isolated Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells and Cultured Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Graft Cell Repopulation and Tendon-Bone Healing after Allograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. LID - 10.3390/ijms22062791 [doi] LID - 2791 AB - Graft cell repopulation and tendon-bone tunnel healing are important after allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) have the advantage of short isolation time during surgery and may enhance tissue regeneration. Thus, we hypothesized that the effect of intra-articular BMMNCs in post-allograft ACLR treatment is comparable to that of cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). A rabbit model of hamstring allograft ACLR was used in this study. Animals were randomly assigned to the BMMNC, BMSC, and control groups. Fresh BMMNCs isolated from the iliac crest during surgery and cultured BMSCs at passage four were used in this study. A total of 1 x 10(7) BMMNCs or BMSCs in 100 microL phosphate-buffered saline were injected into the knee joint immediately after ACLR. The control group was not injected with cells. At two and six weeks post operation, we assessed graft cell repopulation with histological and cell tracking staining (PKH26), and tendon-bone healing with histological micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemical analyses for collagen I and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1). At two weeks post operation, there was no significant difference in the total cell population within the allograft among the three groups. However, the control group showed significantly higher cell population within the allograft than that of BM cell groups at six weeks. Histological examination of proximal tibia revealed that the intra-articular delivered cells infiltrated into the tendon-bone interface. Compared to the control group, the BM cell groups showed broader gaps with interfacial fibrocartilage healing, similar collagen I level, and higher MCP1 expression in the early stage. Micro-CT did not reveal any significant difference among the three groups. BMMNCs and BMSCs had comparable effects on cell repopulation and interfacial allograft-bone healing. Intra-articular BM cells delivery had limited benefits on graft cell repopulation and caused higher inflammation than that in the control group in the early stage, with fibrocartilage formation in the tendon-bone interface after allograft ACLR. FAU - Lu, Cheng-Chang AU - Lu CC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7194-9147 AD - Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan. AD - Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. AD - Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. AD - Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. FAU - Ho, Cheng-Jung AU - Ho CJ AD - Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. FAU - Huang, Hsuan-Ti AU - Huang HT AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8638-1021 AD - Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. AD - Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. FAU - Lin, Sung-Yen AU - Lin SY AD - Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. AD - Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. FAU - Chou, Shih-Hsiang AU - Chou SH AD - Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. FAU - Chou, Pei-Hsi AU - Chou PH AD - Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. AD - Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. FAU - Ho, Mei-Ling AU - Ho ML AD - Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. AD - Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. FAU - Tien, Yin-Chun AU - Tien YC AD - Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. AD - Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. LA - eng GR - H-108-004/Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital/ GR - MOST 109-2314-B-037-016-MY2/Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ GR - KMU-TC108A02-6 and -7/Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medial University, Taiwan/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210310 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (Chemokine CCL2) RN - 0 (Collagen Type I) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anterior Cruciate Ligament/*surgery MH - Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/*methods MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Chemokine CCL2/metabolism MH - Collagen Type I/metabolism MH - Knee Joint/surgery MH - Male MH - Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/*methods MH - Mesenchymal Stem Cells/*cytology MH - Rabbits MH - Tendons/*surgery MH - Transplantation, Homologous MH - Wound Healing MH - X-Ray Microtomography/methods PMC - PMC7998102 OTO - NOTNLM OT - ACL reconstruction OT - allograft OT - bone marrow mononuclear cells OT - bone marrow stromal cells OT - ligamentization OT - tendon to bone healing COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2021/04/04 06:00 MHDA- 2021/05/04 06:00 PMCR- 2021/03/10 CRDT- 2021/04/03 01:09 PHST- 2021/02/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/03/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/03/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/04/03 01:09 [entrez] PHST- 2021/04/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/05/04 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/03/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms22062791 [pii] AID - ijms-22-02791 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms22062791 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 10;22(6):2791. doi: 10.3390/ijms22062791.