PMID- 33801988
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210426
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 6
DP  - 2021 Mar 10
TI  - Is 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Associated with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with 
      Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia? A Population Based Study.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph18062805 [doi]
LID - 2805
AB  - BACKGROUND: Saudi Arabia has a high burden of diabetes mellitus and vitamin D 
      deficiency. The objective of this study was to explore the association between 
      glycosylated hemoglobin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: An interview based 
      cross-sectional study was conducted on 606 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 
      30-75 years, visiting primary health care centers. Blood samples were collected 
      for measuring HbA1c, 25(OH)D and bone and lipid markers. Multivariable linear 
      regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between HbA1c and 
      25(OH)D. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) levels for HbA1c and 25(OH) D were 7.69 (+/-1.77) 
      and 44.28 (+/-23.06), respectively. Around 55% of patients had uncontrolled HbA1c 
      (>7.0), whereas vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was found in 52.3% (=317). 
      Multiple linear regression analysis found that a unit increase in vitamin D 
      levels and parathyroid hormone levels was associated with -0.17 (-0.02, -0.01, p 
      < 0.001) and -0.20 (-2.66, -1.18, p < 0.001) unit decrease in levels of HbA1c, 
      respectively. Similarly, increasing age was associated with -0.15 (-0.01, -0.04, 
      p = 0.002) unit decrease in HbA1c levels, whereas unit increases in serum 
      alkaline phosphatase, calcium and diabetes duration were associated with 0.22 
      (0.01, 0.02, p < 0.001), 0.14 (1.03, 3.88, p = 0.001) and 0.26 (0.42, 0.78, p < 
      0.001) unit increase in HbA1c levels, respectively. CONCLUSION: HbA1c levels are 
      associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. For better control of HbA1c levels, 
      it is important to maintain 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and bone markers within 
      normal range.
FAU - AlQuaiz, AlJohara M
AU  - AlQuaiz AM
AD  - Reserach Chairs Program, Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women's Health 
      Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 231831, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh 7065, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alrasheed, Abdullah A
AU  - Alrasheed AA
AD  - Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh 7065, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Kazi, Ambreen
AU  - Kazi A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6807-8555
AD  - Reserach Chairs Program, Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women's Health 
      Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 231831, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh 7065, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Batais, Mohammad Ali
AU  - Batais MA
AD  - Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh 7065, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alhabeeb, Khaled M
AU  - Alhabeeb KM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7421-8788
AD  - Reserach Chairs Program, Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women's Health 
      Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 231831, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Jamal, Amr
AU  - Jamal A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4051-6592
AD  - Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh 7065, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Fouda, Mona A
AU  - Fouda MA
AD  - Reserach Chairs Program, Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women's Health 
      Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 231831, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh 7065, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210310
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A)
RN  - 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D)
RN  - A288AR3C9H (25-hydroxyvitamin D)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
MH  - Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives
MH  - *Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology
PMC - PMC7999091
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 25-hydroxyvitamin D
OT  - HbA1c
OT  - Saudi Arabia
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2021/04/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/27 06:00
PMCR- 2021/03/10
CRDT- 2021/04/03 01:10
PHST- 2021/01/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/03 01:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph18062805 [pii]
AID - ijerph-18-02805 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph18062805 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 10;18(6):2805. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph18062805.