PMID- 33802416
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210408
IS  - 2310-2861 (Electronic)
IS  - 2310-2861 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Mar 3
TI  - Microemulsions as Solubilizers and Penetration Enhancers for Minoxidil Release 
      from Gels.
LID - 10.3390/gels7010026 [doi]
LID - 26
AB  - Micro- and nanoemulsions are potential drug solubilizers and penetration 
      enhancers through the high surfactant/co-surfactant content. This study aimed to 
      evaluate the influence of minoxidil (MXD) solubilized in the microemulsions (MEs) 
      on drug release by in vitro/ex vivo diffusion through the semi-permeable membrane 
      Spectra/Por((R)) (Spectrum Laboratory, Gardena, CA, USA) and porcine ear skin. 
      Moreover, a residual amount of drug in the skin after ex vivo diffusion was 
      evaluated. The reference ME(R), lecithin-containing ME(L), and gelatin-containing 
      ME(G) were characterized in terms of their size, polydispersity index, density, 
      viscosity, electrical conductivity and surface tension. Based on the in vitro 
      diffusion, it can be argued that ME(L) slowed down the drug release, while ME(R) 
      and ME(G) have no significant effect compared to the sample, in which propylene 
      glycol (PG) was used as a solubilizer. Determination of the residual drug amount 
      in the skin after 6 h of the ex vivo permeation was demonstrated as the most 
      valuable method to evaluate the effectiveness of the ME's application. The 
      results indicate that the most optimal MXD permeation enhancers in alginate gel 
      were the natural surfactants containing MEs. MXD solubilization in ME(G) and 
      ME(L) had caused more than 5% of the drug remaining in the skin, which is almost 
      a 1.5-fold higher amount compared to the reference gel.
FAU - Spaglova, Miroslava
AU  - Spaglova M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8462-2565
AD  - Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 
      Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
FAU - Cuchorova, Maria
AU  - Cuchorova M
AD  - Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 
      Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
FAU - Cierna, Martina
AU  - Cierna M
AD  - Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 
      Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
FAU - Ponist, Silvester
AU  - Ponist S
AD  - Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 
      SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
FAU - Bauerova, Katarina
AU  - Bauerova K
AD  - Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 
      SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
LA  - eng
GR  - Grant FaF UK/33/ 2020/Farmaceuticka fakulta, Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave/
GR  - VEGA 2/0115/19/Vedecka Grantova Agentura MSVVaS SR a SAV/
GR  - APVV-15-0308/Agentura na Podporu Vyskumu a Vyvoja/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210303
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Gels
JT  - Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101696925
PMC - PMC7931056
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - carbomer
OT  - carrageenan
OT  - ex vivo penetration
OT  - gelatin
OT  - in vitro drug release
OT  - lecithin
OT  - microemulsion
OT  - minoxidil
OT  - penetration enhancer
OT  - sodium alginate
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/04/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/04 06:01
PMCR- 2021/03/03
CRDT- 2021/04/03 01:11
PHST- 2021/02/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/03 01:11 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - gels7010026 [pii]
AID - gels-07-00026 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/gels7010026 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Gels. 2021 Mar 3;7(1):26. doi: 10.3390/gels7010026.