PMID- 33803152
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210423
LR  - 20210423
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 Mar 9
TI  - Exploring Private Sector Engagement for Faecal Sludge Emptying and Transport 
      Business in Khulna, Bangladesh.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph18052755 [doi]
LID - 2755
AB  - In Khulna, Bangladesh, mechanical faecal sludge (FS) emptying and transport (E&T) 
      service is provided by community development committees (CDCs) and the Khulna 
      City Corporation (KCC). Without considering capital expenditure and depreciation, 
      financial analysis for one year revealed that a CDC-1 m(3) vacutug made a profit 
      of Bangladeshi taka (BDT) 145,780 (USD $1746) whereas a KCC-2 m(3) vacutug was in 
      the loss of BDT 218,179 (USD $2613). There is a need to engage the private sector 
      for sustainable service provision. Some of the key elements of enabling the 
      environment for private sector engagement are policy/strategy, institutional and 
      regulatory framework, implementation capacity, and financial viability. Existing 
      policy/strategy/frameworks acknowledged the need and suggested plans for private 
      sector engagement, and decentralised authority to city corporations. With 
      increasing private-public partnership projects and collaboration in the 
      sanitation sector, capacity of the KCC and the private sector are increasing. 
      Financial viability of the FS E&T business is primarily dependent on the number 
      of trips and the emptying fee. For the E&T business to be financially viable, a 2 
      m(3) vacutug should make six trips/day (internal rate of return (IRR)-13%, 
      discount rate-6.5%) with an emptying fee of BDT 750 (USD $9)/m(3). Despite the 
      lack of operative guidelines for faecal sludge management (FSM), enabling the 
      environment for private sector engagement in FS E&T business in Khulna seems 
      favourable.
FAU - Singh, Shirish
AU  - Singh S
AD  - Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for 
      Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
FAU - Gupta, Ankita
AU  - Gupta A
AD  - A408, Pradhan Urban Live, Bharat Nagar, Bhopal 462039, India.
FAU - Alamgir, Muhammed
AU  - Alamgir M
AD  - University Grants Commission of Bangladesh, UGC Bhaban, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
FAU - Brdjanovic, Damir
AU  - Brdjanovic D
AD  - Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for 
      Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
AD  - Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 
      BC Delft, The Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210309
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bangladesh
MH  - Cities
MH  - *Private Sector
MH  - Sanitation
MH  - *Sewage
PMC - PMC7967473
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - emptying and transport
OT  - enabling environment
OT  - faecal sludge
OT  - financial analysis
OT  - private sector
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/04/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/24 06:00
PMCR- 2021/03/09
CRDT- 2021/04/03 01:13
PHST- 2020/12/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/03 01:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph18052755 [pii]
AID - ijerph-18-02755 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph18052755 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 9;18(5):2755. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph18052755.