PMID- 33805588
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210524
LR  - 20210524
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 3
DP  - 2021 Mar 13
TI  - Maternal Vitamin C and Iron Intake during Pregnancy and the Risk of Islet 
      Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Birth Cohort Study.
LID - 10.3390/nu13030928 [doi]
LID - 928
AB  - Our aim was to study the associations between maternal vitamin C and iron intake 
      during pregnancy and the offspring's risk of developing islet autoimmunity and 
      type 1 diabetes. The study was a part of the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction 
      and Prevention (DIPP) prospective birth cohort including children genetically at 
      risk of type 1 diabetes born between 1997-2004. The diets of 4879 mothers in late 
      pregnancy were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The 
      outcomes were islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards 
      regression analysis adjusted for energy, family history of diabetes, human 
      leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and sex was used for statistical analyses. Total 
      intake of vitamin C or iron from food and supplements was not associated with the 
      risk of islet autoimmunity (vitamin C: HR 0.91: 95% CI (0.80, 1.03), iron: 0.98 
      (0.87, 1.10)) or type 1 diabetes (vitamin C: 1.01 (0.87, 1.17), iron: 0.92 (0.78, 
      1.08)), neither was the use of vitamin C or iron supplements associated with the 
      outcomes. In conclusion, no association was found between maternal vitamin C or 
      iron intake during pregnancy and the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 
      diabetes in the offspring.
FAU - Mattila, Markus
AU  - Mattila M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7829-9474
AD  - Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 
      Tampere, Finland.
AD  - Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. 
      Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.
AD  - Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 
      P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Hakola, Leena
AU  - Hakola L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7115-6035
AD  - Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 
      Tampere, Finland.
AD  - Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. 
      Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.
FAU - Niinisto, Sari
AU  - Niinisto S
AD  - Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 
      P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Tapanainen, Heli
AU  - Tapanainen H
AD  - Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 
      FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Takkinen, Hanna-Mari
AU  - Takkinen HM
AD  - Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 
      Tampere, Finland.
AD  - Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. 
      Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.
AD  - Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 
      P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Ahonen, Suvi
AU  - Ahonen S
AD  - Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 
      Tampere, Finland.
AD  - Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. 
      Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.
AD  - Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 
      P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Ilonen, Jorma
AU  - Ilonen J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9973-2062
AD  - Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 
      FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
FAU - Toppari, Jorma
AU  - Toppari J
AD  - Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of 
      Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
FAU - Veijola, Riitta
AU  - Veijola R
AD  - PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Center, 
      University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
AD  - Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 10, 
      FI-90029 Oulu, Finland.
FAU - Knip, Mikael
AU  - Knip M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0474-0033
AD  - Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and 
      Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Folkhalsan Research Center, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, 
      University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.
FAU - Virtanen, Suvi M
AU  - Virtanen SM
AD  - Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 
      Tampere, Finland.
AD  - Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. 
      Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.
AD  - Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 
      P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University 
      Hospital, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.
LA  - eng
GR  - EFSD/JDRF/Lilly European Programme in Type 1 Diabetes Research;/
GR  - 63672/Doctoral Programs in Public Health; the Academy of Finland/
GR  - 79685/Doctoral Programs in Public Health; the Academy of Finland/
GR  - 79686/Doctoral Programs in Public Health; the Academy of Finland/
GR  - 80846/Doctoral Programs in Public Health; the Academy of Finland/
GR  - 126813/Doctoral Programs in Public Health; the Academy of Finland/
GR  - 201988/Doctoral Programs in Public Health; the Academy of Finland/
GR  - 210632/Doctoral Programs in Public Health; the Academy of Finland/
GR  - 276475/Doctoral Programs in Public Health; the Academy of Finland/
GR  - 9E082/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9F089/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9G087/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9H092/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9J147/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9K149/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9L117/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9M114/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9N086/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9P057/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9R055/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9S074/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9U065/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9V072/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 9X062/Competitive Research Funding of the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals; 
      the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of 
      Tampere University Hospital/
GR  - 197032/JDRF/Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/United States
GR  - 4-1998-274/JDRF/Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/United States
GR  - 4-1999-731/JDRF/Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/United States
GR  - 4-2001-435/JDRF/Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/United States
GR  - BMH4-CT98-3314/Novo Nordisk Foundation; and the European Union Biomed 2 Program/
GR  - Doctoral Programme in Health Sciences, Tampere University/
GR  - The Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210313
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Iron, Dietary)
RN  - PQ6CK8PD0R (Ascorbic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Ascorbic Acid/analysis
MH  - Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Diet/*adverse effects/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Diet Surveys
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Female
MH  - Finland
MH  - Genotype
MH  - HLA Antigens/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Iron, Dietary/analysis
MH  - Islets of Langerhans/immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Maternal Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/*immunology
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Proportional Hazards Models
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Regression Analysis
PMC - PMC8001228
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ascorbic acid
OT  - birth cohort
OT  - iron
OT  - islet autoimmunity
OT  - nutrition
OT  - pregnancy
OT  - type 1 diabetes
OT  - vitamin C
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2021/04/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/25 06:00
PMCR- 2021/03/13
CRDT- 2021/04/03 01:21
PHST- 2021/01/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/03 01:21 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu13030928 [pii]
AID - nutrients-13-00928 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu13030928 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2021 Mar 13;13(3):928. doi: 10.3390/nu13030928.