PMID- 33808392
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210426
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 7
DP  - 2021 Mar 30
TI  - Adhesion and Removal of Thirdhand Smoke from Indoor Fabrics: A Method for Rapid 
      Assessment and Identification of Chemical Repositories.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph18073592 [doi]
LID - 3592
AB  - Thirdhand smoke (THS) is an environmental contaminant that may cause adverse 
      health effects in smokers and nonsmokers. Currently, time-consuming analytical 
      methods are necessary to assess chemicals in THS repositories, like upholstered 
      furniture and clothing. Our goal was to develop a rapid, accessible method that 
      can be used to measure THS contamination in common household fabrics and to 
      evaluate remediation. Cotton, terry cloth, polyester, and wool were exposed to 
      THS for various times in a controlled laboratory environment and then extracted 
      in various media at room temperature or 60  degrees C to develop an autofluorescent 
      method to quantify THS. Concentrations of nicotine and related alkaloids in the 
      extracts were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 
      (LC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The 
      autofluorescence of extracts was proportional to the time and amount of THS 
      exposure received by cotton and terry cloth. Extracts of polyester and wool did 
      not show autofluorescence unless heat was applied during extraction. Nicotine, 
      nicotine alkaloids, and TSNA concentrations were higher in THS extracts from 
      cotton and terry cloth than extracts of polyester and wool carpet, in agreement 
      with the autofluorescence data. For fabrics spiked with 10 mg of nicotine, 
      extraction efficiency was much higher from terry cloth (7 mg) than polyester 
      (0.11 mg). In high relative humidity, nicotine recovery from both cotton and 
      polyester was 80% (~8 mg). Our results provide a simple, rapid method to assess 
      THS contaminants in household fabrics and further show that THS extraction is 
      influenced by fabric type, heat, and humidity. Thus, remediation of THS 
      environments may need to vary depending on the fabric reservoirs being treated. 
      Understanding the dynamics of THS in fabrics can help set up appropriate 
      remediation policies to protect humans from exposure.
FAU - Pozuelos, Giovanna L
AU  - Pozuelos GL
AD  - Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, 
      Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
FAU - Jacob, Peyton 3rd
AU  - Jacob P 3rd
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology Program, 
      University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
FAU - Schick, Suzaynn F
AU  - Schick SF
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 
      University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
FAU - Omaiye, Esther E
AU  - Omaiye EE
AD  - Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, 
      Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
FAU - Talbot, Prue
AU  - Talbot P
AD  - Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, 
      Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 DA012393/NH/NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210330
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Smoke)
RN  - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Smoke
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Nicotiana
MH  - *Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis
PMC - PMC8037229
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - assays
OT  - nicotine
OT  - remediation
OT  - thirdhand smoke
OT  - tobacco
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/04/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/27 06:00
PMCR- 2021/03/30
CRDT- 2021/04/03 01:29
PHST- 2021/02/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/03 01:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph18073592 [pii]
AID - ijerph-18-03592 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph18073592 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 30;18(7):3592. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph18073592.