PMID- 33816612
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210526
LR  - 20220421
IS  - 2314-6141 (Electronic)
IS  - 2314-6133 (Print)
VI  - 2021
DP  - 2021
TI  - Effect of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccination on Nasopharyngeal Carriage 
      Rate in Children, Tehran, 2019.
PG  - 4923852
LID - 10.1155/2021/4923852 [doi]
LID - 4923852
AB  - BACKGROUND: Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) strains, which commonly reside 
      as commensals within the human pharynx and can remain as an asymptomatic carrier, 
      but become invasive leading to pneumonia, septic arthritis, or meningitis. The 
      Pentavac (pentavalent vaccine, manufactured by India, SII (DTwP-HepB-Hib)) was 
      introduced to the Iranian National Immunization Plan in November 2014. The aim of 
      this study is to investigate H. influenzae type b (Hib) carrier rate among 
      children under 6 years old in Tehran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was 
      performed on 902 children including vaccinated/unvaccinated in the age of 6 
      months to 6 years, in Tehran. Sampling was performed from July 2019 to September 
      2019. Nasopharyngeal samples were taken from children by sterile swab. The PCR 
      method was used to extract DNA. Then, all H. influenzae isolates were initially 
      confirmed by molecular tests. BexA was used to distinguish typeable H. influenzae 
      strains from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). RESULTS: A total of 902 
      children were enrolled in the study: 452 were female (51%). H. influenzae 
      carriage rate was 267 (29%), of that 150 samples (16.6%) were typeable. The 
      nasopharyngeal Hib carrier rate in the children was 2.6% (24/902). 262 cases did 
      not receive Hib vaccine. Analysis in nonnursery's children aged 4 to 6 
      (unvaccinated) years showed that the lower educational level of father, mother, 
      and family number correlated with increased odds of colonization of children with 
      Hib. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed a significant decrease (60%) in the overall 
      Hib nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children under six years after 5 years 
      after the start of Hib vaccination.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei et al.
FAU - Tabatabaei, Sedigheh Rafiei
AU  - Tabatabaei SR
AD  - Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, 
      Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Mohammadzadeh, Sara
AU  - Mohammadzadeh S
AD  - Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, 
      Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Zahraei, Seyed Mohsen
AU  - Zahraei SM
AD  - Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical 
      Education, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Mahmoudi, Sussan
AU  - Mahmoudi S
AD  - Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical 
      Education, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Ghandchi, Ghazaleh
AU  - Ghandchi G
AD  - Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, 
      Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Hoseini-Alfatemi, Seyedeh Mahsan
AU  - Hoseini-Alfatemi SM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8293-934X
AD  - Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, 
      Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Karimi, Abdollah
AU  - Karimi A
AD  - Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, 
      Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Shamshiri, Ahmadreza
AU  - Shamshiri A
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran 
      University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210315
PL  - United States
TA  - Biomed Res Int
JT  - BioMed research international
JID - 101600173
RN  - 0 (Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine)
RN  - 0 (Haemophilus Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Pentavac)
RN  - 0 (Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Combined)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Carrier State/immunology/microbiology/pathology/prevention & control
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/*administration & dosage/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - *Haemophilus Infections/immunology/pathology/prevention & control
MH  - Haemophilus Vaccines/*administration & dosage/immunology
MH  - Haemophilus influenzae type b/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Iran
MH  - Male
MH  - *Nasopharynx/immunology/microbiology
MH  - Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/*administration & dosage/immunology
MH  - *Vaccination
MH  - Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage/immunology
PMC - PMC7987433
COIS- There are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2021/04/06 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/27 06:00
PMCR- 2021/03/15
CRDT- 2021/04/05 06:10
PHST- 2020/06/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/05 06:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2021/4923852 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biomed Res Int. 2021 Mar 15;2021:4923852. doi: 10.1155/2021/4923852. eCollection 
      2021.