PMID- 33821354
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210407
LR  - 20210407
IS  - 1573-2959 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-6369 (Linking)
VI  - 193
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 Apr 5
TI  - Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water and sediment from open 
      city drains in Makurdi Metropolitan Area, North Central Nigeria.
PG  - 244
LID - 10.1007/s10661-021-09038-6 [doi]
AB  - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been classified as persistent organic 
      pollutants (POPs) as well as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). This study 
      determined the concentrations of six PBDE congeners (BDE 47, BDE 99, BDE 100, BDE 
      153, BDE 154, and BDE 183) in water and sediment samples from open city drains, 
      in the Makurdi Metropolitan Area, North Central Nigeria, using gas 
      chromatogragh-mass spectrometer. These congeners are components of the penta- and 
      octa-BDE formulations that have been banned by the European Union. The samples 
      were collected from the drains, bi-monthly, for 1 year across dry and wet 
      seasons. All the congeners considered were found to be present in both water and 
      sediment. The levels of Sigma(6)PBDEs in water ranged from 0.05 to 0.28 ng L(-1) 
      during dry season and 0.02 to 0.36 ng L(-1) during wet season, while their levels 
      in sediment during dry and wet seasons ranged from 3.22 to 26.26 ng g(-1) and 
      7.51 to 27.41 ng g(-1), respectively. The percentage recoveries from solid phase 
      and Soxhlet extractions ranged from 69 to 104% and 70 to 112%, respectively. It 
      was concluded that the presence of all the congeners in both water and sediment 
      posed a pollution risk to the river in which the drains discharge and require 
      further monitoring and necessary preventive measures.
FAU - Tongu, Sylvester M
AU  - Tongu SM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4486-9149
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, PMB 2373, 
      Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria. tongusyl@gmail.com.
FAU - Sha'Ato, Rufus
AU  - Sha'Ato R
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, PMB 2373, 
      Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria.
FAU - Okonkwo, Jonathan O
AU  - Okonkwo JO
AD  - Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of 
      Technology, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
FAU - Olukunle, Olubiyi I
AU  - Olukunle OI
AD  - School of Public and Environmental Affairs , Indiana University, 702 N Walnut 
      Grove Avenue, 47405, Bloomington, IN, USA.
FAU - Tor-Anyiin, Terrumun A
AU  - Tor-Anyiin TA
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, PMB 2373, 
      Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria.
FAU - Eneji, Ishaq S
AU  - Eneji IS
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, PMB 2373, 
      Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria.
LA  - eng
GR  - UAM/TETFund/IBR/VOL.1/Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210405
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Monit Assess
JT  - Environmental monitoring and assessment
JID - 8508350
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - China
MH  - Cities
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Geologic Sediments
MH  - *Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis
MH  - Nigeria
MH  - Water
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - City drains
OT  - Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer
OT  - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
OT  - Sediment
EDAT- 2021/04/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/10 06:00
CRDT- 2021/04/06 05:57
PHST- 2020/01/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/06 05:57 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/10 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-021-09038-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-021-09038-6 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Apr 5;193(5):244. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09038-6.