PMID- 33823189
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210630
LR  - 20210630
IS  - 1096-0953 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-9351 (Linking)
VI  - 197
DP  - 2021 Jun
TI  - Are temporal trends of some persistent organochlorine and organobromine compounds 
      in Swedish breast milk slowing down?
PG  - 111117
LID - S0013-9351(21)00411-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111117 [doi]
AB  - We investigated body burdens of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Swedish 
      first-time mothers by measurements in breast milk, and followed up the temporal 
      trends between 1996 and 2017. POPs were analysed in individual samples (n = 539) 
      from participants from Uppsala county, Sweden. This made it possible to adjust 
      temporal trends for age of the mother, pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during 
      pregnancy, weight loss after delivery, and education, the main determinants for 
      POP body burdens, apart from sampling year. We also compared observed body 
      burdens with the body burdens determined to be safe from a health perspective in 
      the risk assessment of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 
      polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans 
      (PCDFs), published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Declining 
      temporal trends in breast milk of on average -4 to 14% per year were observed 
      1996-2017 for PCBs, PCDD/Fs, chlorinated pesticides, and brominated flame 
      retardants, except for the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) BDE-153 and 
      BDE-209. The toxic equivalents (TEQs) for PCDD declined faster than PCDF TEQs, 
      -6.6% compared to -3.5% per year. For CB-169, CB-180, PCDDs, PCDFs, Total TEQ, 
      and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a change point year (CP) was observed around 
      2008-2009 and after that, the decline in levels has slowed down. If breast milk 
      levels follows the exponential declining trend of total TEQ estimated for the 
      entire period (-5.7% per year), 97.5% of first time mothers from the Uppsala area 
      will have body burdens below the estimated safe level in year 2022. If instead it 
      follows the estimated % decline after the CP in 2008 (-1.6% per year), it will 
      take until 2045 before 97.5% is below the estimated safe level. It is important 
      to proceed with the monitoring of POPs in breast milk from Swedish mothers in 
      order to further observe if the levels are stabilizing or continue to decline.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Gyllenhammar, Irina
AU  - Gyllenhammar I
AD  - Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Sciences and 
      Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 
      Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: irina.gyllenhammar@slv.se.
FAU - Aune, Marie
AU  - Aune M
AD  - Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Friden, Ulrika
AU  - Friden U
AD  - Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Cantillana, Tatiana
AU  - Cantillana T
AD  - Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Bignert, Anders
AU  - Bignert A
AD  - Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Lignell, Sanna
AU  - Lignell S
AD  - Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Glynn, Anders
AU  - Glynn A
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish 
      University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210403
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Res
JT  - Environmental research
JID - 0147621
RN  - 0 (Benzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Benzofurans/analysis
MH  - Dibenzofurans
MH  - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Milk, Human/chemistry
MH  - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - *Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analysis
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Sweden
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Brominated compounds
OT  - Dioxins
OT  - Human milk
OT  - POPs
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
EDAT- 2021/04/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/01 06:00
CRDT- 2021/04/06 20:08
PHST- 2020/11/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/06 20:08 [entrez]
AID - S0013-9351(21)00411-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111117 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Res. 2021 Jun;197:111117. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111117. Epub 2021 
      Apr 3.