PMID- 33825765 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220217 LR - 20220228 IS - 1809-452X (Electronic) IS - 1516-4446 (Print) IS - 1516-4446 (Linking) VI - 44 IP - 1 DP - 2022 Jan-Feb TI - Does mismatch negativity have utility for NMDA receptor drug development in depression? PG - 61-73 LID - 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1685 [doi] AB - Rapid antidepressant effects associated with ketamine have shifted the landscape for the development of therapeutics to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) from a monoaminergic to glutamatergic model. Treatment with ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, may be effective, but has many non-glutamatergic targets, and clinical and logistical problems are potential challenges. These factors underscore the importance of manipulations of binding mechanics to produce antidepressant effects without concomitant clinical side effects. This will require identification of efficient biomarkers to monitor target engagement. The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a widely used electrophysiological signature linked to the activity of NMDA receptors (NMDAR) in humans and animals and validated in pre-clinical and clinical studies of ketamine. In this review, we explore the flexibility of the MMN and its capabilities for reliable use in drug development for NMDAR antagonists in MDD. We supplement this with findings from our own research with three distinct NMDAR antagonists. The research described illustrates that there are important distinctions between the mechanisms of NMDAR antagonism, which are further crystallized when considering the paradigm used to study the MMN. We conclude that the lack of standardized methodology currently prevents MMN from being ready for common use in drug discovery. This manuscript describes data collected from the following National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Veterans Affairs (VA) studies: AV-101, NCT03583554; lanicemine, NCT03166501; ketamine, NCT02556606. FAU - Murphy, Nicholas AU - Murphy N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1805-3082 AD - Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. AD - Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. AD - The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA. FAU - Lijffijt, Marijn AU - Lijffijt M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5760-1729 AD - Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. AD - Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. FAU - Ramakrishnan, Nithya AU - Ramakrishnan N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8674-1971 AD - Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. AD - Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. FAU - Vo-Le, Bylinda AU - Vo-Le B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0730-8388 AD - Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. AD - Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. FAU - Vo-Le, Brittany AU - Vo-Le B AD - Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. AD - Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. FAU - Iqbal, Sidra AU - Iqbal S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3567-8669 AD - Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. AD - Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. FAU - Iqbal, Tabish AU - Iqbal T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0878-9558 AD - Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. AD - Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. FAU - O'Brien, Brittany AU - O'Brien B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8454-0132 AD - Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. AD - Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. FAU - Smith, Mark A AU - Smith MA AD - VistaGen Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA. AD - Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA. FAU - Swann, Alan C AU - Swann AC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9879-6198 AD - Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. AD - Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. FAU - Mathew, Sanjay J AU - Mathew SJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2715-6641 AD - Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. AD - Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. AD - The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03583554 SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03166501 SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02556606 GR - I01 CX001205/CX/CSRD VA/United States GR - R61 MH110540/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Brazil TA - Braz J Psychiatry JT - Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) JID - 100895975 RN - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) RN - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Depression MH - *Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy MH - Drug Development MH - Humans MH - *Ketamine MH - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate PMC - PMC8827377 COIS- VistaGen Therapeutics provided the AV-101 and placebo capsules and analyzed AV-101 metabolites (AV-101 study). Biohaven Pharmaceuticals provided the investigational drug for the lanicemine study. SJM has served as a consultant to Alkermes, Allergan, Axsome Therapeutics, Clexio Biosciences, Greenwich Biosciences, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Janssen, Neurocrine, Perception Neurosciences, Praxis Precision Medicines, and Sage Therapeutics. He has received research support from Biohaven Pharmaceuticals and VistaGen Therapeutics. ML has served as principal investigator for trials funded by NeuroRx and Vistagen Therapeutics and has received financial support from the MEDVAMC and the Department of Defense. MAS is an employee of VistaGen Therapeutics. The authors report no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2021/04/08 06:00 MHDA- 2022/02/19 06:00 PMCR- 2021/04/05 CRDT- 2021/04/07 12:22 PHST- 2020/12/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/01/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/04/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/02/19 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/04/07 12:22 [entrez] PHST- 2021/04/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S1516-44462021005010203 [pii] AID - 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1685 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Braz J Psychiatry. 2022 Jan-Feb;44(1):61-73. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1685.