PMID- 33833690
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220421
IS  - 1664-042X (Print)
IS  - 1664-042X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-042X (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Interplay of Biochemical, Genetic, and Immunohistochemical Factors in the 
      Etio-Pathogenesis of Gastric Ulcer in Rats: A Comparative Study of the Effect of 
      Pomegranate Loaded Nanoparticles Versus Pomegranate Peel Extract.
PG  - 649462
LID - 10.3389/fphys.2021.649462 [doi]
LID - 649462
AB  - BACKGROUND: Few data are available about the role of herbal extract loaded 
      nanoparticles as an alternative safe medicine for the management of a gastric 
      ulcer. AIM: This work is targeted at exploring the physiological effects of 
      pomegranate loaded nanoparticles (PLN) against an indomethacin IND-induced 
      gastric ulcer and comparing the results with traditional pomegranate peel extract 
      (PPE). METHODS: Twenty-four rats were equally distributed into four groups: 
      control, IND-treated, PLN-treated, and PPE-treated groups. Gross examination of 
      gastric mucosa, and the calculation of ulcer and inhibition indices were done. 
      Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin 2 
      (IL-2), IL-6, IL-10, gastric homogenate prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and nitric 
      oxide (NO) were estimated. Mucosal endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS mRNA) 
      expression was identified by qPCR. Histological and immuno-histochemical staining 
      of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and eNOS of stomach mucosa were performed. 
      RESULTS: In comparison with the control group, IND-treated rats showed visible 
      multiple ulcers with ulcer index, serum MDA, IL-2 and IL-6 were elevated while 
      IL-10, PGE(2), NO, and eNOS mRNA expression were significantly reduced. Damaged 
      surface epithelium with disrupted glandular architecture and heavy leucocyte 
      infiltration of lamina propria was noticed. Immunohistochemical staining of 
      stomach mucosa revealed marked increased TNF-alpha and reduced eNOS. Oral 
      administration of PLN and PPE succeeded in improving the gross mucosal picture, 
      and all biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations. 
      CONCLUSION: Both PLN and PPE potently alleviated IND-induced gastric ulceration 
      via increasing TAC, PGE(2), NO, eNOS mRNA, and protein expression. However, the 
      healing effect of PLN was obviously greater than PPE-treated rats.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Abd el-Rady, Dahpy, Ahmed, Elgamal, Hadiya, Ahmed, Sayed, 
      Abdeltawab, Abdelmohsen, Farrag, Ashmawy, Khairallah and Galal.
FAU - Abd El-Rady, Nessren M
AU  - Abd El-Rady NM
AD  - Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 
      Egypt.
AD  - Medical Physiology Department, Sphinx University, New Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Dahpy, Marwa A
AU  - Dahpy MA
AD  - Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 
      Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Ahmed, Amel
AU  - Ahmed A
AD  - Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, 
      Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Elgamal, Dalia A
AU  - Elgamal DA
AD  - Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, 
      Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Hadiya, Safy
AU  - Hadiya S
AD  - Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut 
      University, Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Ahmed, Mai A M
AU  - Ahmed MAM
AD  - Department of Pharmcognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 
      Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Sayed, Zain El-Abdeen Ahmed
AU  - Sayed ZEA
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology and 
      Hepatology Unit, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Abdeltawab, Doaa
AU  - Abdeltawab D
AD  - Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Alrajhi Hospital, Assiut 
      University, Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Abdelmohsen, Ahmed Shawkat
AU  - Abdelmohsen AS
AD  - Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Alrajhi Hospital, Assiut 
      University, Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Farrag, Alshaimaa Abdelkhaliq Mohammad
AU  - Farrag AAM
AD  - Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, 
      Assiut, Egypt.
AD  - Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi 
      Arabia.
FAU - Ashmawy, Ahmed M
AU  - Ashmawy AM
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology and 
      Hepatology Unit, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Khairallah, Marwa K
AU  - Khairallah MK
AD  - Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut 
      University, Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Galal, Heba M
AU  - Galal HM
AD  - Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 
      Egypt.
AD  - Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, 
      Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210323
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Physiol
JT  - Frontiers in physiology
JID - 101549006
PMC - PMC8021798
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - IL
OT  - IND-induced gastric ulcer
OT  - PGE2
OT  - TAC
OT  - TNF-alpha
OT  - nitric oxide
OT  - pomegranate loaded nanoparticles
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/04/10 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/10 06:01
PMCR- 2021/03/23
CRDT- 2021/04/09 06:25
PHST- 2021/01/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/09 06:25 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/10 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fphys.2021.649462 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Physiol. 2021 Mar 23;12:649462. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.649462. eCollection 
      2021.