PMID- 33864798
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210624
LR  - 20210624
IS  - 1532-8600 (Electronic)
IS  - 0026-0495 (Linking)
VI  - 119
DP  - 2021 Jun
TI  - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and 
      their association with vascular risk.
PG  - 154770
LID - S0026-0495(21)00070-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154770 [doi]
AB  - The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most 
      common liver diseases, is rising. About 25% of adults worldwide are probably 
      affected by NAFLD. Insulin resistance (IR) and fat accumulation in the liver are 
      strongly related. The association between NAFLD, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and IR 
      is established, but an independent impact of NAFLD on vascular risk and 
      progression of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) still needs to be confirmed. 
      This narrative review considers the evidence regarding the link between NAFLD, IR 
      and CVD risk. There is strong evidence for a "concomitantly rising incidence" of 
      NAFLD, IR, MetS and CVD but there is no definitive evidence regarding whether 
      NAFLD is, or is not, an independent and significant risk factor the development 
      of CVD. There are also considerations that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may be 
      a common link between NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and CVD. NAFLD 
      may be associated with widespread abnormal peri-organ or intra-organ fat (APIFat) 
      deposition (e.g. epicardial adipose tissue) which may further contribute to CV 
      risk. It is clear that NAFLD patients have a greater CV risk (independent or not) 
      which needs to be addressed in clinical practice.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Muzurovic, Emir
AU  - Muzurovic E
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, Clinical Centre of 
      Montenegro, Ljubljanska bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; Faculty of Medicine, 
      University of Montenegro, Krusevac bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro. Electronic 
      address: dremir@t-com.me.
FAU - Mikhailidis, Dimitri P
AU  - Mikhailidis DP
AD  - Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University 
      College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, 
      London NW3 2QG, UK; Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health 
      Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Mantzoros, Christos
AU  - Mantzoros C
AD  - Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical 
      School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare 
      System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210414
PL  - United States
TA  - Metabolism
JT  - Metabolism: clinical and experimental
JID - 0375267
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/epidemiology/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin Resistance/*physiology
MH  - Metabolic Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology
MH  - Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/*complications/epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Risk Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diabetes mellitus
OT  - Insulin resistance
OT  - Metabolic syndrome
OT  - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
OT  - Treatment
OT  - Vascular risk
COIS- Declaration of competing interest EM has given talks or attended conferences 
      sponsored by Novo Nordisk, SANOFI, AstraZeneca, SERVIER and Merck. DPM has given 
      talks, acted as a consultant or attended conferences sponsored by Amgen, Novo 
      Nordisk and Libytec. The article is based on a lecture given by DPM as part of 
      the 18th Annual World Congress Insulin Resistance Diabetes & Cardiovascular 
      Disease meeting, Los Angeles, USA, December 3-5, 2020. DPM received a fee from 
      the organizers of the meeting; there was no specific pharmaceutical industry 
      funding or any involvement in the content of the lecture or present review. CM 
      reports grants, personal fees and other from Coherus Inc., grants, personal fees 
      and other from Novo Nordisk, personal fees and non-financial support from Ansh, 
      personal fees and non-financial support from Aegerion, personal fees and 
      non-financial support from PES, personal fees and non-financial support from 
      California Walnut Commission, personal fees from Genfit, personal fees from 
      Intercept, personal fees from Regeneron, personal fees from CardioMetabolic 
      Health Conference - The Metabolic Institute of America, personal fees from Amgen, 
      outside the submitted work.
EDAT- 2021/04/18 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/25 06:00
CRDT- 2021/04/17 20:07
PHST- 2021/02/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/17 20:07 [entrez]
AID - S0026-0495(21)00070-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154770 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Metabolism. 2021 Jun;119:154770. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154770. Epub 2021 
      Apr 14.