PMID- 33872994
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210730
LR  - 20240401
IS  - 2213-1582 (Electronic)
IS  - 2213-1582 (Linking)
VI  - 30
DP  - 2021
TI  - Resting state functional connectivity in the default mode network: Relationships 
      between cannabis use, gender, and cognition in adolescents and young adults.
PG  - 102664
LID - S2213-1582(21)00108-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102664 [doi]
LID - 102664
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the United 
      States, and nearly 1 in 4 young adults are current cannabis users. Chronic 
      cannabis use is associated with changes in resting state functional connectivity 
      (RSFC) in the default mode network (DMN) in adolescents and young adults; results 
      are somewhat inconsistent across studies, potentially due to methodological 
      differences. The aims of the present study were to examine potential differences 
      in DMN RSFC between cannabis users and controls, and to examine, as an 
      exploratory analysis, if gender moderated any findings. We further examined 
      whether differences in RSFC related to differences in performance on selected 
      neuropsychological measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-seven 16-26-year-old 
      participants underwent an MRI scan (including resting state scan), 
      neuropsychological battery, toxicology screening, and drug use interview. 
      Differences in DMN connectivity were examined between groups (cannabis vs. 
      control) and with an exploratory group by gender interaction, using a left 
      posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) seed-based analysis conducted in AFNI. RESULTS: 
      Cannabis users demonstrated weaker connectivity than controls between the left 
      PCC and various DMN nodes, and the right Rolandic operculum/Heschl's gyrus. 
      Cannabis users demonstrated stronger connectivity between the left PCC and the 
      cerebellum and left supramarginal gyrus. The group by gender interaction was not 
      significantly associated with connectivity differences. Stronger left 
      PCC-cerebellum connectivity was associated with poorer performance on cognitive 
      measures in cannabis users. In controls, intra-DMN connectivity was positively 
      correlated with performance on a speeded selective/sustained attention measure. 
      DISCUSSION: Consistent with our hypotheses and other studies, cannabis users 
      demonstrated weaker connectivity between the left PCC and DMN nodes. Chronic THC 
      exposure may alter GABA and glutamate concentrations, which may alter brain 
      communication. Future studies should be conducted with a larger sample size and 
      examine gender differences and the mechanism by which these differences may 
      arise.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ritchay, Megan M
AU  - Ritchay MM
AD  - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, 2441 E. Hartford Ave 
      Garland 224, Milwaukee, 53211 WI, USA.
FAU - Huggins, Ashley A
AU  - Huggins AA
AD  - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, 2441 E. Hartford Ave 
      Garland 224, Milwaukee, 53211 WI, USA.
FAU - Wallace, Alexander L
AU  - Wallace AL
AD  - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, 2441 E. Hartford Ave 
      Garland 224, Milwaukee, 53211 WI, USA.
FAU - Larson, Christine L
AU  - Larson CL
AD  - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, 2441 E. Hartford Ave 
      Garland 224, Milwaukee, 53211 WI, USA.
FAU - Lisdahl, Krista M
AU  - Lisdahl KM
AD  - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, 2441 E. Hartford Ave 
      Garland 224, Milwaukee, 53211 WI, USA. Electronic address: medinak@uwm.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210408
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Neuroimage Clin
JT  - NeuroImage. Clinical
JID - 101597070
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Brain/diagnostic imaging
MH  - Brain Mapping
MH  - *Cannabis
MH  - Cognition
MH  - Default Mode Network
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC8080071
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adolescent
OT  - Cannabis
OT  - Cognition
OT  - Default mode network
OT  - Resting state functional connectivity
OT  - Young adult
EDAT- 2021/04/20 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/31 06:00
PMCR- 2021/04/08
CRDT- 2021/04/19 20:22
PHST- 2020/08/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/19 20:22 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2213-1582(21)00108-X [pii]
AID - 102664 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102664 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroimage Clin. 2021;30:102664. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102664. Epub 2021 Apr 
      8.