PMID- 33873063
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210616
LR  - 20210616
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 279
DP  - 2021 Sep
TI  - Miniaturized multiresidue method for the analysis of pesticides and persistent 
      organic pollutants in non-target wildlife animal liver tissues using GC-MS/MS.
PG  - 130434
LID - S0045-6535(21)00904-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130434 [doi]
AB  - In order to gain a better insight into pesticide and pollutant exposure of small 
      (non-target) wildlife animals, a QuEChERS sample preparation method was first 
      developed for 5 g liver tissues (e.g. hedgehog samples) and then downscaled for 
      the analysis of 100 mg liver tissues (e.g. bat samples). The optimized (micro) 
      QuEChERS methods used 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile as organic solvent for 
      liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and salting out was performed with anhydrous 
      magnesium sulfate and sodium acetate (4:1). After a freezing-out step, sample 
      clean-up was carried out with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, PSA, C(18), and GCB 
      (150:25:20:5). Overall, 209 pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 
      can be analysed within each sample with gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass 
      spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Both methods were validated with representative analytes 
      according to the European Commission guideline SANTE/12682/2019. Limits of 
      quantification were between 1 and 20 mug kg(-1), and the methods proved to be 
      linear up to 400 mug kg(-1). Additionally, the analytes delivered satisfactory 
      results regarding recovery and precision. As proof of concept, samples of six 
      hedgehog livers were analysed with both methods to prove the accuracy of the 
      micro QuEChERS method. Additionally, six livers of different bat species were 
      analysed with the downscaled method. The newly developed micro QuEChERS method 
      for multiresidue analysis requires only minute amounts of biomaterial and 
      represents a sophisticated novel technique for determining the exposure of small 
      wildlife animals to different contaminants.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Schanzer, Sonja
AU  - Schanzer S
AD  - Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University 
      Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
FAU - Kroner, Egbert
AU  - Kroner E
AD  - Wildvogel Pflegestation Kirchwald EV, Auf der Bachhell 1, 56729, Kirchwald, 
      Germany.
FAU - Wibbelt, Gudrun
AU  - Wibbelt G
AD  - Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 
      10315, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Koch, Martin
AU  - Koch M
AD  - Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Universitatsring 15, 54296, Trier, 
      Germany.
FAU - Kiefer, Andreas
AU  - Kiefer A
AD  - Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Universitatsring 15, 54296, Trier, 
      Germany.
FAU - Bracher, Franz
AU  - Bracher F
AD  - Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University 
      Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
FAU - Muller, Christoph
AU  - Muller C
AD  - Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University 
      Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: 
      christoph.mueller@cup.uni-muenchen.de.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210408
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Wild
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Liver/chemistry
MH  - Persistent Organic Pollutants
MH  - *Pesticide Residues/analysis
MH  - *Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Solid Phase Extraction
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Miniaturization
OT  - Multiresidue method
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Pesticides
OT  - QuEChERS
EDAT- 2021/04/20 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/17 06:00
CRDT- 2021/04/19 20:25
PHST- 2021/01/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/19 20:25 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(21)00904-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130434 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2021 Sep;279:130434. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130434. Epub 
      2021 Apr 8.