PMID- 33888288
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211125
LR  - 20211125
IS  - 2214-5532 (Electronic)
IS  - 2214-5524 (Linking)
VI  - 29
DP  - 2021 May
TI  - Observations of neutron radiation environment during Odyssey cruise to Mars.
PG  - 53-62
LID - S2214-5524(21)00021-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.03.003 [doi]
AB  - In April 2001, Mars Odyssey spacecraft with the High Energy Neutron Detector 
      (HEND) onboard was launched to Mars. HEND/Odyssey was switched on measurement 
      mode for most of transit to Mars to monitor variations of spacecraft background 
      and solar activity. Although HEND/Odyssey was originally designed to measure 
      Martian neutron albedo and to search for Martian subsurface water/water ice, its 
      measurements during cruise phase to Mars are applicable to evaluate spacecraft 
      ambient radiation background. The biological impact of the neutron component of 
      this radiation background should be understood, as it must be taken into account 
      in planning future human missions to Mars. We have modeled the spacecraft neutron 
      spectral density and compared it with HEND measurements to estimate neutron dose 
      equivalent rates during Odyssey cruise phase, which occurred during the maximum 
      period of solar cycle 23. We find that the Odyssey ambient neutron environment 
      during May - September 2001 yields 10.6 +/- 2.0 muSv per day in the energy range 
      from 0 to 15 MeV, and about 29 muSv per day when extrapolated to the 0-1000 MeV 
      energy range during solar quiet time (intervals without Solar Particle Events, 
      SPEs). We have also extrapolated HEND/Odyssey measurements to different periods 
      of solar cycle and find that during solar minimum (maximum of GCR flux), the 
      neutron dose equivalent rate during cruise to Mars could be as high as 52 muSv per 
      day with the same shielding. These values are in good agreement with results 
      reported for a similar measurement made with an instrument aboard the Mars 
      Science Laboratory during its cruise to Mars in 2011-2012.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Published by Elsevier 
      B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Litvak, M L
AU  - Litvak ML
AD  - Space Research Institute, RAS, Moscow, 117997, Russia. Electronic address: 
      litvak@mx.iki.rssi.ru.
FAU - Mitrofanov, I G
AU  - Mitrofanov IG
AD  - Space Research Institute, RAS, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
FAU - Sanin, A B
AU  - Sanin AB
AD  - Space Research Institute, RAS, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
FAU - Bakhtin, B
AU  - Bakhtin B
AD  - Space Research Institute, RAS, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
FAU - Golovin, D V
AU  - Golovin DV
AD  - Space Research Institute, RAS, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
FAU - Zeitlin, C
AU  - Zeitlin C
AD  - Leidos, Inc., Houston, TX 77058, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210317
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Life Sci Space Res (Amst)
JT  - Life sciences in space research
JID - 101632373
SB  - IM
MH  - *Cosmic Radiation
MH  - Extraterrestrial Environment
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Mars
MH  - Neutrons
MH  - Radiation Dosage
MH  - *Radiation Monitoring
MH  - Solar Activity
MH  - Spacecraft
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cruise to mars
OT  - Mars radiation environment
OT  - Neutrons
OT  - Odyssey/hend
EDAT- 2021/04/24 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/26 06:00
CRDT- 2021/04/23 05:37
PHST- 2020/07/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/23 05:37 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - S2214-5524(21)00021-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.03.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Life Sci Space Res (Amst). 2021 May;29:53-62. doi: 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.03.003. 
      Epub 2021 Mar 17.