PMID- 33889284
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210424
IS  - 1948-9358 (Print)
IS  - 1948-9358 (Electronic)
IS  - 1948-9358 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Apr 15
TI  - Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and 
      adolescents.
PG  - 344-365
LID - 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.344 [doi]
AB  - During the last two decades, there have been several reports of an increasing 
      incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents, 
      especially among those belonging to minority ethnic groups. This trend, which 
      parallels the increases in prevalence and degree of pediatric obesity, has caused 
      great concern, even though T2DM remains a relatively rare disease in children. 
      Youth T2DM differs not only from type 1 diabetes in children, from which it is 
      sometimes difficult to differentiate, but also from T2DM in adults, since it 
      appears to be an aggressive disease with rapidly progressive beta-cell decline, high 
      treatment failure rate, and accelerated development of complications. Despite the 
      recent research, many aspects of youth T2DM still remain unknown, regarding both 
      its pathophysiology and risk factor contribution, and its optimal management and 
      prevention. Current management approaches include lifestyle changes, such as 
      improved diet and increased physical activity, together with pharmacological 
      interventions, including metformin, insulin, and the recently approved 
      glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide. What is more important for everyone 
      to realize though, from patients, families and physicians to schools, health 
      services and policy-makers alike, is that T2DM is a largely preventable disease 
      that will be addressed effectively only if its major contributor (i.e., pediatric 
      obesity) is confronted and prevented at every possible stage of life, from 
      conception until adulthood. Therefore, relevant comprehensive, coordinated, and 
      innovative strategies are urgently needed.
CI  - (c)The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights 
      reserved.
FAU - Serbis, Anastasios
AU  - Serbis A
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina 45500, 
      Greece. tasos_serbis@yahoo.com.
FAU - Giapros, Vasileios
AU  - Giapros V
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45500, Greece.
FAU - Kotanidou, Eleni P
AU  - Kotanidou EP
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, 
      Thessaloniki 54636, Greece.
FAU - Galli-Tsinopoulou, Assimina
AU  - Galli-Tsinopoulou A
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, 
      Thessaloniki 54636, Greece.
FAU - Siomou, Ekaterini
AU  - Siomou E
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina 45500, 
      Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - World J Diabetes
JT  - World journal of diabetes
JID - 101547524
PMC - PMC8040084
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adolescents
OT  - Children
OT  - Diagnosis
OT  - Prevention
OT  - Treatment
OT  - Type 2 diabetes
COIS- Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare having no conflicts of 
      interest.
EDAT- 2021/04/24 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/24 06:01
PMCR- 2021/04/15
CRDT- 2021/04/23 06:25
PHST- 2021/01/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/23 06:25 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.344 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - World J Diabetes. 2021 Apr 15;12(4):344-365. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.344.