PMID- 33893596
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210427
LR  - 20210427
IS  - 1573-2959 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-6369 (Linking)
VI  - 193
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 Apr 23
TI  - Acute toxicity of piggery effluent and veterinary pharmaceutical cocktail on 
      freshwater organisms.
PG  - 293
LID - 10.1007/s10661-021-09085-z [doi]
AB  - Intensive livestock farming has increased the use of veterinary pharmaceuticals 
      in many developing countries, and this is considered a significant concern to the 
      freshwater ecosystem. However, the information on the potential acute toxicity of 
      piggery effluent waste and the veterinary pharmaceutical effluent discharged into 
      the aquatic environment is limited. This study assessed the adverse effect of a 
      piggery effluent and the cocktail mixtures of high- and low-level doses of three 
      frequently occurring veterinary pharmaceuticals (tetracycline (TETR), ivermectin 
      (IVER), and salicylic acid (SALA)) on freshwater organisms using three 
      representative freshwater biotests organisms: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (P. 
      subcapitata), Daphnia magna (D. magna), and Tetrahymena thermophila (T. 
      thermophila). The freshwater organism test results showed that the 24-h and 48-h 
      EC(50) algal toxicity to P. subcapitata exposed to 10% unfiltered piggery 
      effluent were 25.6 and 49.3% respectively while the 24-h LC(50) value to 
      Cladocera, D. magna exposed to unfiltered piggery effluent was 23.2 (17.7-30.4)%. 
      The 24-h EC(50) protozoan toxicity to T. thermophila exposed to 1% HLD veterinary 
      pharmaceuticals was 0.014 mug/L. Thus, the study established the different 
      sensitivities of freshwater organisms to various percentage levels of piggery 
      effluent and high- and low-level doses of veterinary pharmaceutical. The piggery 
      effluent and the pharmaceutical cocktail mixtures have potential toxicological 
      effects on the freshwater ecosystem.
FAU - Udebuani, Angela C
AU  - Udebuani AC
AD  - Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Owerri, PMB 
      1526, Nigeria.
FAU - Pereao, Omoniyi
AU  - Pereao O
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0157-3025
AD  - Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Group, Cape Peninsula University 
      of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa. pereaokola@gmail.com.
FAU - Akharame, Michael O
AU  - Akharame MO
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University 
      of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.
FAU - Fatoki, Olalekan S
AU  - Fatoki OS
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University 
      of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.
FAU - Opeolu, Beatrice O
AU  - Opeolu BO
AD  - Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Group, Cape Peninsula University 
      of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
LA  - eng
GR  - WRC K4/2500/Water Research Commission (SA)/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210423
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Monit Assess
JT  - Environmental monitoring and assessment
JID - 8508350
RN  - 0 (Veterinary Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Daphnia
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Fresh Water
MH  - *Veterinary Drugs/toxicity
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Daphnia magna
OT  - Ivermectin
OT  - Piggery farm
OT  - Salicylic acid
OT  - South Africa
OT  - Tetracycline
EDAT- 2021/04/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/28 06:00
CRDT- 2021/04/24 06:13
PHST- 2020/09/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/24 06:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/28 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-021-09085-z [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-021-09085-z [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Apr 23;193(5):293. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09085-z.