PMID- 33895500
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210823
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1768-3254 (Electronic)
IS  - 0223-5234 (Linking)
VI  - 220
DP  - 2021 Aug 5
TI  - Overview of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and its analogues: Structures, 
      activities, and mechanisms in acute promyelocytic leukaemia.
PG  - 113451
LID - S0223-5234(21)00300-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113451 [doi]
AB  - All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is effective for preventing cancer and treating 
      skin diseases and acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). These pharmacological 
      effects of ATRA are mainly mediated by retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and retinoic 
      acid receptors (RARs). This article provides a comprehensive overview of the 
      clinical progress on and the molecular mechanisms of ATRA in the treatment of 
      APL. ATRA can promote the transcriptional activation of differentiation-related 
      genes and regulate autophagy by inhibiting mTOR, which results in anti-APL 
      effects. In detail, the structures, pharmacological effects, and clinical studies 
      of 68 types of ATRA analogues are described. These compounds have excellent 
      antitumour therapeutic potential and could be used as lead compounds for further 
      development and research.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
FAU - Liang, Chengyuan
AU  - Liang C
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, 
      PR China. Electronic address: chengyuanliang@gmail.com.
FAU - Qiao, Guaiping
AU  - Qiao G
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, 
      PR China.
FAU - Liu, Yuzhi
AU  - Liu Y
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, 
      PR China.
FAU - Tian, Lei
AU  - Tian L
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, 
      PR China.
FAU - Hui, Nan
AU  - Hui N
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, 
      PR China.
FAU - Li, Juan
AU  - Li J
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, 
      PR China.
FAU - Ma, Yuling
AU  - Ma Y
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, 
      PR China.
FAU - Li, Han
AU  - Li H
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, 
      PR China.
FAU - Zhao, Qianqian
AU  - Zhao Q
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, 
      PR China.
FAU - Cao, Wenqiang
AU  - Cao W
AD  - Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai, 
      Guangdong, China.
FAU - Liu, Hong
AU  - Liu H
AD  - Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai, 
      Guangdong, China. Electronic address: sesource_liuhong@163.com.
FAU - Ren, Xiaodong
AU  - Ren X
AD  - Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China. Electronic 
      address: xdren@gzu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210415
PL  - France
TA  - Eur J Med Chem
JT  - European journal of medicinal chemistry
JID - 0420510
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 5688UTC01R (Tretinoin)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (MTOR protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Cell Proliferation/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - Tretinoin/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/*pharmacology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL)
OT  - All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)
OT  - Autophagy
OT  - Cell differentiation
OT  - Retinoic acid receptors (RARs)
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declared that they have no 
      conflicts of interest to this work.
EDAT- 2021/04/26 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/24 06:00
CRDT- 2021/04/25 20:37
PHST- 2020/11/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/25 20:37 [entrez]
AID - S0223-5234(21)00300-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113451 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Med Chem. 2021 Aug 5;220:113451. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113451. Epub 
      2021 Apr 15.