PMID- 33913858
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210527
LR  - 20210611
IS  - 1998-3689 (Electronic)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Print)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 May
TI  - Hyperreflective foci as biomarkers for inflammation in diabetic macular edema: 
      Retrospective analysis of treatment naive eyes from south India.
PG  - 1197-1202
LID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2627_20 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with 
      hyperreflective foci (HRF) in diabetic macular edema (DME) in treatment naive 
      eyes. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 131 eyes of 91 
      treatment naive patients with DME. Details of ophthalmological examination with 
      duration of vision loss and systemic parameters were noted. The spectral-domain 
      optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images were analyzed for number and 
      location of HRF and the associated imaging biomarkers. RESULTS: Inner retinal 
      (IR) HRF were seen in 88 eyes (67%), outer retinal (OR) in 28 (21%), and 
      subretinal (SR) in 12 (9%). The IR had (7.1 +/- 7) HRF, the OR (6.5 +/- 4.8), and SR 
      (3.9 +/- 2.9). A greater proportion of eyes with HRF also had subretinal fluid 
      (SRF), significantly higher blood pressure and lower serum triglycerides. 
      Univariate linear regression analysis showed women (3 HRF greater vs. men, P = 
      0.04), eyes with cystoid spaces (2.95 more HRF vs. no cystoid spaces, P = 0.02), 
      and SRF (2.96 more HRF vs. no SRF, P = 0.007) had more HRF, whereas higher 
      triglycerides (1 HRF lesser per 50 mg lower TGL, P = 0.03) had lesser. 
      CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the importance of HRF as an imaging biomarker in 
      DME suggesting an inflammatory origin. Long-term observations of large cohorts 
      with automated analysis can give more insights.
FAU - Arthi, M
AU  - Arthi M
AD  - Vitreoretinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of 
      Ophthalmology, Pondicherry, India.
FAU - Sindal, Manavi D
AU  - Sindal MD
AD  - Vitreoretinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of 
      Ophthalmology, Pondicherry, India.
FAU - Rashmita, R
AU  - Rashmita R
AD  - Vitreoretinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of 
      Ophthalmology, Pondicherry, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Ophthalmol
JT  - Indian journal of ophthalmology
JID - 0405376
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
CIN - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021 May;69(5):1202-1203. PMID: 33913859
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus
MH  - *Diabetic Retinopathy/complications/diagnosis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Inflammation
MH  - *Macular Edema/diagnosis/etiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Tomography, Optical Coherence
MH  - Visual Acuity
PMC - PMC8186614
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cystoid macular edema
OT  - diabetic macular edema
OT  - external limiting membrane
OT  - hyperreflective foci
OT  - serous retinal detachment
COIS- None
EDAT- 2021/04/30 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/28 06:00
PMCR- 2021/05/01
CRDT- 2021/04/29 12:22
PHST- 2021/04/29 12:22 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IndianJOphthalmol_2021_69_5_1197_314736 [pii]
AID - IJO-69-1197 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2627_20 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021 May;69(5):1197-1202. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2627_20.