PMID- 33917044
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210520
LR  - 20231101
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 8
DP  - 2021 Apr 7
TI  - Whole Alga, Algal Extracts, and Compounds as Ingredients of Functional Foods: 
      Composition and Action Mechanism Relationships in the Prevention and Treatment of 
      Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus.
LID - 10.3390/ijms22083816 [doi]
LID - 3816
AB  - Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major systemic disease which involves 
      impaired pancreatic function and currently affects half a billion people 
      worldwide. Diet is considered the cornerstone to reduce incidence and prevalence 
      of this disease. Algae contains fiber, polyphenols, omega-3 PUFAs, and bioactive 
      molecules with potential antidiabetic activity. This review delves into the 
      applications of algae and their components in T2DM, as well as to ascertain the 
      mechanism involved (e.g., glucose absorption, lipids metabolism, antioxidant 
      properties, etc.). PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were used. Papers in 
      which whole alga, algal extracts, or their isolated compounds were studied in in 
      vitro conditions, T2DM experimental models, and humans were selected and 
      discussed. This review also focuses on meat matrices or protein concentrate-based 
      products in which different types of alga were included, aimed to modulate 
      carbohydrate digestion and absorption, blood glucose, gastrointestinal 
      neurohormones secretion, glycosylation products, and insulin resistance. As 
      microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM and metabolic alterations in different organs are 
      related, the review also delves on the effects of several bioactive algal 
      compounds on the colon/microbiota-liver-pancreas-brain axis. As the responses to 
      therapeutic diets vary dramatically among individuals due to genetic components, 
      it seems a priority to identify major gene polymorphisms affecting potential 
      positive effects of algal compounds on T2DM treatment.
FAU - Bocanegra, Aranzazu
AU  - Bocanegra A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7040-2126
AD  - Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense 
      University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Macho-Gonzalez, Adrian
AU  - Macho-Gonzalez A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7644-1759
AD  - Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense 
      University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
AD  - AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital 
      (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Garcimartin, Alba
AU  - Garcimartin A
AD  - Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense 
      University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
AD  - AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital 
      (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Benedi, Juana
AU  - Benedi J
AD  - Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense 
      University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
AD  - AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital 
      (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Sanchez-Muniz, Francisco Jose
AU  - Sanchez-Muniz FJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2660-5126
AD  - Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense 
      University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
AD  - AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital 
      (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210407
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Biological Products)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Food Ingredients)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Biological Products/*chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/etiology/metabolism
MH  - Disease Management
MH  - Disease Susceptibility
MH  - Dysbiosis
MH  - Energy Metabolism/drug effects
MH  - Food Ingredients/*analysis
MH  - Functional Food/*analysis
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/*chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Microalgae/*chemistry/classification
MH  - Microbiota
PMC - PMC8067684
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - algae
OT  - diabetes
OT  - functional food
OT  - functional meat
OT  - metabolism
OT  - microbiota
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/05/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/21 06:00
PMCR- 2021/04/07
CRDT- 2021/04/30 01:05
PHST- 2021/03/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/30 01:05 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/05/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms22083816 [pii]
AID - ijms-22-03816 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms22083816 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 7;22(8):3816. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083816.