PMID- 33917519
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210512
LR  - 20210512
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 7
DP  - 2021 Apr 6
TI  - Chronic Low Grade Inflammation in Pathogenesis of PCOS.
LID - 10.3390/ijms22073789 [doi]
LID - 3789
AB  - Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a one of the most common endocrine disorders, 
      with a prevalence rate of 5-10% in reproductive aged women. It's characterized by 
      (1) chronic anovulation, (2) biochemical and/or clinical hyperandrogenism, and 
      (3) polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS has significant clinical implications and 
      can lead to health problems related to the accumulation of adipose tissue, such 
      as obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. There is 
      also evidence that PCOS patients are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, 
      atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure. Several studies have reported the 
      association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and low-grade chronic 
      inflammation. According to known data, inflammatory markers or their gene markers 
      are higher in PCOS patients. Correlations have been found between increased 
      levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor 
      (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), white blood cell count (WBC), monocyte 
      chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) 
      in the PCOS women compared with age- and BMI-matched controls. Women with PCOS 
      present also elevated levels of AGEs and increased RAGE (receptor for advanced 
      glycation end products) expression. This chronic inflammatory state is 
      aggravating by obesity and hyperinsulinemia. There are studies describing mutual 
      impact of hyperinsulinemia and obesity, hyperandrogenism, and inflammatory state. 
      Endothelial cell dysfunction may be also triggered by inflammatory cytokines. 
      Many factors involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and thrombosis were 
      proposed as cardiovascular risk markers showing the endothelial cell damage in 
      PCOS. Those markers include asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), C-reactive 
      protein (CRP), homocysteine, plasminogen activator inhibitor-I (PAI-I), PAI-I 
      activity, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) etc. It was also proposed 
      that the uterine hyperinflammatory state in polycystic ovary syndrome may be 
      responsible for significant pregnancy complications ranging from miscarriage to 
      placental insufficiency. In this review, we discuss the most importance evidence 
      concerning the role of the process of chronic inflammation in pathogenesis of 
      PCOS.
FAU - Rudnicka, Ewa
AU  - Rudnicka E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3936-5598
AD  - Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 
      Warsaw, Poland.
FAU - Suchta, Katarzyna
AU  - Suchta K
AD  - Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 
      Warsaw, Poland.
FAU - Grymowicz, Monika
AU  - Grymowicz M
AD  - Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 
      Warsaw, Poland.
FAU - Calik-Ksepka, Anna
AU  - Calik-Ksepka A
AD  - Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 
      Warsaw, Poland.
FAU - Smolarczyk, Katarzyna
AU  - Smolarczyk K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4327-0700
AD  - Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 
      Warsaw, Poland.
FAU - Duszewska, Anna M
AU  - Duszewska AM
AD  - Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw 
      University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
FAU - Smolarczyk, Roman
AU  - Smolarczyk R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4420-5433
AD  - Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 
      Warsaw, Poland.
FAU - Meczekalski, Blazej
AU  - Meczekalski B
AD  - Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical 
      Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210406
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aging/metabolism/pathology
MH  - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Complications/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Endothelial Cells/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Obesity/complications/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/etiology/*metabolism/pathology
PMC - PMC8038770
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CRP
OT  - chronic inflammation
OT  - insulin resistance
OT  - interleukins
OT  - polycystic ovary syndrome
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/05/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/13 06:00
PMCR- 2021/04/06
CRDT- 2021/04/30 01:06
PHST- 2021/02/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/03/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/30 01:06 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/05/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms22073789 [pii]
AID - ijms-22-03789 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms22073789 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 6;22(7):3789. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073789.