PMID- 33921159 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210518 IS - 2076-2607 (Print) IS - 2076-2607 (Electronic) IS - 2076-2607 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 4 DP - 2021 Apr 15 TI - Classification of Salmonella enterica of the (Para-)Typhoid Fever Group by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. LID - 10.3390/microorganisms9040853 [doi] LID - 853 AB - Typhoidal and para-typhoidal Salmonella are major causes of bacteraemia in resource-limited countries. Diagnostic alternatives to laborious and resource-demanding serotyping are essential. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) is a rapidly developing and simple bacterial typing technology. In this study, we assessed the discriminatory power of the FTIRS-based IR Biotyper (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany), for the rapid and reliable identification of biochemically confirmed typhoid and paratyphoid fever-associated Salmonella isolates. In total, 359 isolates, comprising 30 S. Typhi, 23 S. Paratyphi A, 23 S. Paratyphi B, and 7 S. Paratyphi C, respectively and other phylogenetically closely related Salmonella serovars belonging to the serogroups O:2, O:4, O:7 and O:9 were tested. The strains were derived from clinical, environmental and food samples collected at different European sites. Applying artificial neural networks, specific automated classifiers were built to discriminate typhoidal serovars from non-typhoidal serovars within each of the four serogroups. The accuracy of the classifiers was 99.9%, 87.0%, 99.5% and 99.0% for Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A, B and Salmonella Paratyphi C, respectively. The IR Biotyper is a promising tool for fast and reliable detection of typhoidal Salmonella. Hence, IR biotyping may serve as a suitable alternative to conventional approaches for surveillance and diagnostic purposes. FAU - Cordovana, Miriam AU - Cordovana M AD - Bruker Daltonik GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany. FAU - Mauder, Norman AU - Mauder N AD - Bruker Daltonik GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany. FAU - Kostrzewa, Markus AU - Kostrzewa M AD - Bruker Daltonik GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany. FAU - Wille, Andreas AU - Wille A AD - Institute for Hygiene and Environment, 20539 Hamburg, Germany. FAU - Rojak, Sandra AU - Rojak S AD - Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, 56070 Koblenz, Germany. FAU - Hagen, Ralf Matthias AU - Hagen RM AD - Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, 56070 Koblenz, Germany. FAU - Ambretti, Simone AU - Ambretti S AD - Operative Unit of Microbiology, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy. FAU - Pongolini, Stefano AU - Pongolini S AD - Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 43126 Parma, Italy. FAU - Soliani, Laura AU - Soliani L AD - Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 43126 Parma, Italy. FAU - Justesen, Ulrik S AU - Justesen US AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6130-1902 AD - Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark. FAU - Holt, Hanne M AU - Holt HM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2456-6108 AD - Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark. FAU - Join-Lambert, Olivier AU - Join-Lambert O AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4888-8630 AD - Department of Microbiology, Universite de Caen, Normandie, CEDEX 5, 14032 Caen, France. FAU - Hello, Simon Le AU - Hello SL AD - Department of Microbiology, Universite de Caen, Normandie, CEDEX 5, 14032 Caen, France. FAU - Auzou, Michel AU - Auzou M AD - Department of Microbiology, Universite de Caen, Normandie, CEDEX 5, 14032 Caen, France. FAU - Veloo, Alida C AU - Veloo AC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0095-8740 AD - University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands. FAU - May, Jurgen AU - May J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7831-8420 AD - Infectious Disease Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany. AD - University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Tropical Medicine II Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany. FAU - Frickmann, Hagen AU - Frickmann H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8967-9528 AD - Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany. AD - Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany. FAU - Dekker, Denise AU - Dekker D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5432-3217 AD - Infectious Disease Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany. AD - German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lubeck-Borstel-Riems, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210415 PL - Switzerland TA - Microorganisms JT - Microorganisms JID - 101625893 PMC - PMC8071548 OTO - NOTNLM OT - FTIR-spectroscopy OT - IR Biotyper OT - Paratyphi OT - Salmonella OT - Salmonella typing OT - Typhi OT - diagnostics OT - test evaluation COIS- Miriam Cordovana, Norman Mauder and Markus Kostrzewa are employees of the company Bruker Daltonic GmbH. There are no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2021/05/01 06:00 MHDA- 2021/05/01 06:01 PMCR- 2021/04/15 CRDT- 2021/04/30 01:18 PHST- 2021/03/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/04/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/04/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/04/30 01:18 [entrez] PHST- 2021/05/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/05/01 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/04/15 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - microorganisms9040853 [pii] AID - microorganisms-09-00853 [pii] AID - 10.3390/microorganisms9040853 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Microorganisms. 2021 Apr 15;9(4):853. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9040853.