PMID- 33923992
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210505
LR  - 20210505
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 8
DP  - 2021 Apr 20
TI  - Co-Infections in Critically Ill Patients with or without COVID-19: A Comparison 
      of Clinical Microbial Culture Findings.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph18084358 [doi]
LID - 4358
AB  - Co-infections in critically ill patients hospitalized for severe acute 
      respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have an important 
      impact on the outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared the 
      microbial isolations found in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in an intensive care 
      unit (ICU) with those in a non-COVID-19 ICU from 22 February to 30 April 2020 and 
      in the same period of 2019. We considered blood, urine or respiratory specimens 
      obtained with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or bronchial aspirate (BASP), 
      collected from all patients admitted in ICUs with or without COVID-19 infection. 
      We found a higher frequency of infections due to methicillin-resistant (MR) 
      staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, carbapenem-resistant 
      Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida parapsilosis in COVID-19-positive patients 
      admitted in ICUs compared to those who were COVID-19 negative. 
      Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more frequently isolated from 
      patients admitted in non-COVID-19 ICUs. Several conditions favor the increased 
      frequency of these infections by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Among all, 
      the severity of the respiratory tracts was definitely decisive, which required 
      assisted ventilation with invasive procedures. The turnover in the ICU of a large 
      number of patients in a very short time requiring urgent invasive interventions 
      has favored the not always suitable execution of assistance procedures. No less 
      important is the increased exposure to infectious risk from bacteria and fungi in 
      patients with severe impairment due to ventilation. The highest costs for 
      antifungal drugs were shown in the ICU-COVID group.
FAU - Cultrera, Rosario
AU  - Cultrera R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7440-6447
AD  - Infectious Diseases, Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 
      44121 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Barozzi, Agostino
AU  - Barozzi A
AD  - Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, Transfusional and Laboratory, 
      University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Libanore, Marco
AU  - Libanore M
AD  - Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, 
      44124 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Marangoni, Elisabetta
AU  - Marangoni E
AD  - Intensive Care Unit, Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 
      44121 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Pora, Roberto
AU  - Pora R
AD  - Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, Transfusional and Laboratory, 
      University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Quarta, Brunella
AU  - Quarta B
AD  - Pharmacy Service, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Spadaro, Savino
AU  - Spadaro S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5027-5318
AD  - Intensive Care Unit, Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 
      44121 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Ragazzi, Riccardo
AU  - Ragazzi R
AD  - Intensive Care Unit, Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 
      44121 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Marra, Anna
AU  - Marra A
AD  - Pharmacy Service, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Segala, Daniela
AU  - Segala D
AD  - Infectious Diseases, Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 
      44121 Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Volta, Carlo Alberto
AU  - Volta CA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3533-6121
AD  - Intensive Care Unit, Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 
      44121 Ferrara, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210420
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB  - IM
MH  - *COVID-19
MH  - *Coinfection/epidemiology
MH  - Critical Illness
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intensive Care Units
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
PMC - PMC8073702
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - SARS-CoV-2
OT  - antimicrobial consumption
OT  - antimicrobial expenditure
OT  - co-infection
OT  - intensive care unit
OT  - microbial culture
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/05/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/06 06:00
PMCR- 2021/04/20
CRDT- 2021/04/30 01:27
PHST- 2021/03/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/30 01:27 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/05/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph18084358 [pii]
AID - ijerph-18-04358 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph18084358 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 20;18(8):4358. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph18084358.