PMID- 33924799
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210430
LR  - 20210518
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 9
DP  - 2021 Apr 28
TI  - On-Board Ship Detection for Medium Resolution Optical Sensors.
LID - 10.3390/s21093062 [doi]
LID - 3062
AB  - In recent years there has been an increased interest in ocean surveillance. The 
      activity includes control and monitoring of illegal fisheries, manmade ocean 
      pollution and illegal sea traffic surveillance, etc. The key problem is how to 
      identify ships and ship-like objects accurately and in a timely manner. In this 
      context, currently, many solutions have been proposed based on high resolution 
      optical and radar remote sensing systems. Most often, these systems suffer from 
      two major limitations viz., limited swath, thereby requiring multiple satellites 
      to cover the region of interest and huge volumes of data being transmitted to 
      ground, even though effective per-pixel information content is minimal. Another 
      limitation is that the existing systems are either simulated on ground or built 
      using the non-space qualified/Commercial Of-The-Shelf (COTS) components. This 
      paper proposes an efficient on-board ship detection system/package connected with 
      medium resolution wide swath optical camera. The methodology adopted has three 
      major components, viz., onboard data processing for improving the radiometric 
      fidelity, followed by a ship detection using modified Constant False Alarm Rate 
      algorithm (CFAR) and a false alarm suppression module to mask false 
      identifications. Finally, the package outputs only the locations of the ships, 
      which is transmitted to the ground. The proposed system reduces the effective 
      volume of data to be transmitted and processed on ground and also significantly 
      cuts down the turnaround time for achieving the end objective. The system is 
      built on radiation hardened Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices to meet 
      the various engineering constraints such as real-time performance, limited 
      onboard power, radiation hardness, handling of multiple custom interfaces etc. 
      The system is tested with one of the medium resolution Multispectral Visual and 
      Near Infra-Red (MX-VNIR) sensor having a spatial resolution of around 50 m and 
      swath of around 500 Kms, which would be flown with one of the upcoming 
      satellites. The systems performance is also verified on ground with Indian Remote 
      Sensing (IRS) Satellite's Resourcesat's Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) data 
      and the results are found to be quite encouraging as well as meeting the mission 
      objectives.
FAU - Ghosh, Somnath
AU  - Ghosh S
AD  - Advanced Data Processing and Research Institute, Secunderabad 500009, India.
FAU - Konugurthi, Pramod Kumar
AU  - Konugurthi PK
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0451-1030
AD  - Advanced Data Processing and Research Institute, Secunderabad 500009, India.
FAU - Shankar Rao Singupurapu, Gowri
AU  - Shankar Rao Singupurapu G
AD  - Advanced Data Processing and Research Institute, Secunderabad 500009, India.
FAU - Patel, Shivi
AU  - Patel S
AD  - Advanced Data Processing and Research Institute, Secunderabad 500009, India.
FAU - Tammanagari, Tirupathi
AU  - Tammanagari T
AD  - Advanced Data Processing and Research Institute, Secunderabad 500009, India.
FAU - Rao Desu, Mallikarjuna
AU  - Rao Desu M
AD  - Advanced Data Processing and Research Institute, Secunderabad 500009, India.
FAU - Thakar, Lalit Krushna
AU  - Thakar LK
AD  - U.R. Rao Satellite Centre, Bengaluru 560017, India.
FAU - Ghara, Ishika
AU  - Ghara I
AD  - U.R. Rao Satellite Centre, Bengaluru 560017, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210428
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC8125028
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CFAR
OT  - FPGA
OT  - maritime surveillance
OT  - on-board processing
OT  - real-time processing
OT  - remote sensing
OT  - satellite data processing
OT  - ship detection
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/05/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/01 06:01
PMCR- 2021/04/28
CRDT- 2021/04/30 01:29
PHST- 2021/03/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/30 01:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/05/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/01 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s21093062 [pii]
AID - sensors-21-03062 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s21093062 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2021 Apr 28;21(9):3062. doi: 10.3390/s21093062.