PMID- 33925195
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210503
LR  - 20210518
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 9
DP  - 2021 Apr 28
TI  - Comparative Study on Estimation Methods of Dynamic Resistance Using Dynamic Cone 
      Penetrometer.
LID - 10.3390/s21093085 [doi]
LID - 3085
AB  - Dynamic resistance, which can be used to express strength in the unit of stress 
      and improve the reliability of the dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT), has been 
      estimated by numerous methods. This study aims to compare different dynamic 
      resistance estimation methods by using an instrumented dynamic cone penetrometer 
      (IDCP). DCPTs are conducted using a standard dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) and 
      IDCP in the laboratory and field. Dynamic responses are obtained from the strain 
      gauges and an accelerometer installed at the cone tip of the IDCP. The test 
      results show that dynamic resistance is more efficient in distinguishing profiles 
      than the dynamic cone penetration index. Among the methods to estimate the 
      dynamic resistance at the cone tip, the force-velocity integration method and 
      force integration method are more related to the conventional dynamic resistance 
      considering the potential energy of the hammer than the force squared integration 
      method. Additionally, the dynamic resistance estimated for a longer time period 
      is more reliable, particularly for small driving rod lengths. Regarding the 
      limitation of the dynamic response from an accelerometer in a previous study, the 
      force-based dynamic resistance estimated for a longer time period can be used as 
      the most reliable approach for further soil strength characterization.
FAU - Kim, Sang Yeob
AU  - Kim SY
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2964-2598
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at 
      Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
FAU - Lee, Jong-Sub
AU  - Lee JS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5991-155X
AD  - School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 
      145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Dong-Ju
AU  - Kim DJ
AD  - School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 
      145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
FAU - Byun, Yong-Hoon
AU  - Byun YH
AD  - School of Agricultural Civil & Bio-Industrial Engineering, Kyungpook National 
      University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
LA  - eng
GR  - NRF-2020R1C1C1008925/National Research Foundation of Korea/
GR  - NRF-2021R1C1C2008932/National Research Foundation of Korea/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210428
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
RN  - 0 (Soil)
SB  - IM
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - *Soil
PMC - PMC8124953
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DCP
OT  - dynamic penetration
OT  - dynamic resistance
OT  - integration method
OT  - transferred energy
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/05/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/04 06:00
PMCR- 2021/04/28
CRDT- 2021/04/30 01:31
PHST- 2021/04/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/04/30 01:31 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/05/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s21093085 [pii]
AID - sensors-21-03085 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s21093085 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2021 Apr 28;21(9):3085. doi: 10.3390/s21093085.