PMID- 33931672
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211015
LR  - 20211015
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Apr 30
TI  - Uncovering the hidden bacterial ghost communities of yeast and experimental 
      evidences demonstrates yeast as thriving hub for bacteria.
PG  - 9394
LID - 10.1038/s41598-021-88658-x [doi]
LID - 9394
AB  - Our major concern was to address "yeast endobacteria" which was based on a few 
      reports in the recent past where bacteria may find yeast as a niche for survival. 
      In this study, we report the microbiota of twenty-nine axenic yeast cultures 
      recovered from different habitats based on their 16S rRNA gene-amplicon 
      metagenomes. Yeasts were identified based on D1/D2 or ITS gene sequences. 
      Bacterial diversity was widespread, varied and rich among all yeasts except for 
      four strains. Taxa belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, 
      Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes and the genera; Streptococcus, Propionibacterium 
      were common to all the yeasts. Candida tropicalis was used as a model organism to 
      confirm bacteria through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), isolating and 
      re-introducing the isolated bacteria into the yeast. FISH analysis confirmed the 
      endobacteria of C. tropicalis and we have successfully isolated four bacteria 
      only after lysis and disruption of yeast cells. These bacteria were identified as 
      species of Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, Lysinibacillus and Propionibacterium. 
      Guestimates indicate 95% of bacterial species of C. tropicalis are 
      yet-to-be-cultivated. We have successfully reintroduced mCherry tagged 
      Pseudomonas into C. tropicalis. Also, auto-fluorescent Prochlorococcus and 
      Rhodopseudomonas could be introduced into C. tropicalis while mCherry tagged E. 
      coli or Salmonella could not be introduced. FISH analysis confirmed the presence 
      of both native and infected bacterial cells present in C. tropicalis. Our 
      findings unveil the insights into the ghost microbiota associated with yeast, 
      which otherwise are considered to be axenic cultures. Their inherent occurrence, 
      together with co-cultivation experiments under laboratory conditions suggests 
      that yeasts are a thriving hub for bacterial communities.
FAU - Indu, B
AU  - Indu B
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 
      Hyderabad, India.
FAU - Keertana, Tallapragada
AU  - Keertana T
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 
      Hyderabad, India.
FAU - Ipsita, Sahu
AU  - Ipsita S
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 
      Hyderabad, India.
FAU - Jagadeeshwari, Uppada
AU  - Jagadeeshwari U
AD  - Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and 
      Technology, J.N.T. University Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
FAU - Sasikala, Chintalapati
AU  - Sasikala C
AD  - Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and 
      Technology, J.N.T. University Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
FAU - Ramana, Chintalapati Venkata
AU  - Ramana CV
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 
      Hyderabad, India. cvr449@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210430
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Candidiasis/genetics/*microbiology
MH  - *Microbiota
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Yeasts/classification/*physiology
PMC - PMC8087679
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/05/02 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/16 06:00
PMCR- 2021/04/30
CRDT- 2021/05/01 06:08
PHST- 2020/10/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/05/01 06:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/05/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/04/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-88658-x [pii]
AID - 88658 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-88658-x [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 30;11(1):9394. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88658-x.