PMID- 33945372
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220216
LR  - 20220216
IS  - 1532-7752 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-3891 (Linking)
VI  - 104
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jan-Feb
TI  - Multidimensional Structure or Wording Effect? Reexamination of the Factor 
      Structure of the Chinese General Self-Efficacy Scale.
PG  - 64-73
LID - 10.1080/00223891.2021.1912059 [doi]
AB  - Despite overwhelming evidence supporting the unidimensional structure of the 
      General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) across various language adaptations, a 
      multifactor structure has frequently been identified for the Chinese version 
      (GSES-C), leading some researchers to conclude that the GSES-C is 
      multidimensional. However, the multifactor structure might derive from common 
      method bias, such as wording effects. To test this postulation, a sample of 1,515 
      college students completed the GSES-C, then 507 of the sample additionally 
      completed 3 other criteria scales. The research approach included 
      logistic-semantic analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor 
      analysis of single-factor and bifactor models. The study yielded 3 main findings: 
      (a) There were 2 common wording factors underlying the GSES-C: "uncertain 
      situation wording" and "hypothetical wording." (b) Although the 1-factor model of 
      the GSES-C did not fit the data, unidimensionality was supported when the 2 
      wording factors were controlled for in a bifactor model, indicating that the 
      wording effects emerged. (c) The correlation coefficients between the general 
      factor and external positive constructs were substantially underestimated if the 
      wording effects were not controlled. The reasons for and the meanings of the 
      wording effects underlying the GSES-C are also discussed.
FAU - Ou, Xiancai
AU  - Ou X
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4041-8447
AD  - School of Business, Guangxi University XingJian College of Science and Liberal 
      Arts, Nanning, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210504
PL  - England
TA  - J Pers Assess
JT  - Journal of personality assessment
JID - 1260201
SB  - IM
MH  - China
MH  - Factor Analysis, Statistical
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Language
MH  - Psychometrics
MH  - *Self Efficacy
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
EDAT- 2021/05/05 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/17 06:00
CRDT- 2021/05/04 17:22
PHST- 2021/05/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/04 17:22 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/00223891.2021.1912059 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pers Assess. 2022 Jan-Feb;104(1):64-73. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2021.1912059. 
      Epub 2021 May 4.