PMID- 33947421 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211102 IS - 1743-7075 (Print) IS - 1743-7075 (Electronic) IS - 1743-7075 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 1 DP - 2021 May 4 TI - Impact of mixed meal tolerance test composition on measures of beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes. PG - 47 LID - 10.1186/s12986-021-00556-1 [doi] LID - 47 AB - BACKGROUND: Application of mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTT) to measure beta-cell function in long-term studies is limited by modification of the commercial products occurring over time. This study assessed the intra-individual reliability of MMTTs and compared the effects of liquid meals differing in macronutrient composition on the estimation of beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: To test the reliability of MMTTs, 10 people with T2DM (age 58 +/- 11 years, body mass index 30.0 +/- 4.9 kg/m(2)) received Boost(R) high Protein 20 g protein three times. For comparing different meals, another 10 persons with T2DM (58 +/- 5 years, 31.9 +/- 5.3 kg/m(2)) ingested either Boost(R) high Protein 20 g protein or the isocaloric Boost(R) high Protein 15 g protein containing 35% less protein and 18% more carbohydrates. C-peptide, insulin and glucose release were assessed from the incremental area under the concentration time curve (iAUC) and the intra- and inter-individual variation of these parameters from the coefficients of variations (CV). RESULTS: Repetitive ingestion of one meal revealed intra-individual CVs for the iAUCs of C-peptide, insulin and glucose, which were at least 3-times lower than the inter-individual variation of these parameters (18.2%, 19.7% and 18.9% vs. 74.2%, 70.5% and 207.7%) indicating a good reliability. Ingestion of two different meals resulted in comparable intra-individual CVs of the iAUCs of C-peptide and insulin (16.9%, 20.5%). CONCLUSION: MMTTs provide reliable estimation of beta-cell function in people with T2DM. Furthermore, moderate differences in the protein and carbohydrate contents in a standardized liquid meal do not result in relevant changes of C-peptide and insulin responses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier number: NCT01055093. Registered 22 January 2010 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01055093. FAU - Kossler, Theresa AU - Kossler T AD - Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research At Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munchen-Neuherberg, Germany. FAU - Bobrov, Pavel AU - Bobrov P AD - German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munchen-Neuherberg, Germany. AD - Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Strassburger, Klaus AU - Strassburger K AD - German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munchen-Neuherberg, Germany. AD - Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Kuss, Oliver AU - Kuss O AD - German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munchen-Neuherberg, Germany. AD - Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Zaharia, Oana-Patricia AU - Zaharia OP AD - Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research At Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munchen-Neuherberg, Germany. FAU - Karusheva, Yanislava AU - Karusheva Y AD - Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research At Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munchen-Neuherberg, Germany. FAU - Moser, Clara AU - Moser C AD - Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research At Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munchen-Neuherberg, Germany. FAU - Bodis, Kalman AU - Bodis K AD - Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research At Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munchen-Neuherberg, Germany. FAU - Burkart, Volker AU - Burkart V AD - Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research At Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munchen-Neuherberg, Germany. FAU - Roden, Michael AU - Roden M AD - Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research At Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munchen-Neuherberg, Germany. FAU - Szendroedi, Julia AU - Szendroedi J AD - Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany. julia.szendroedi@ddz.de. AD - Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research At Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. julia.szendroedi@ddz.de. AD - German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munchen-Neuherberg, Germany. julia.szendroedi@ddz.de. AD - Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. julia.szendroedi@ddz.de. CN - GDS Group LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01055093 PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210504 PL - England TA - Nutr Metab (Lond) JT - Nutrition & metabolism JID - 101231644 PMC - PMC8097850 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Beta-cell function OT - Inter-individual variation OT - Intra-individual variation OT - Mixed meal tolerance test OT - Type 2 diabetes COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. FIR - Roden, M IR - Roden M FIR - Al-Hasani, H IR - Al-Hasani H FIR - Belgardt, B IR - Belgardt B FIR - Burkart, V IR - Burkart V FIR - Buyken, A E IR - Buyken AE FIR - Geerling, G IR - Geerling G FIR - Herder, C IR - Herder C FIR - Hwang, J H IR - Hwang JH FIR - Icks, A IR - Icks A FIR - Jandeleit-Dahm, K IR - Jandeleit-Dahm K FIR - Kahl, S IR - Kahl S FIR - Kotzka, J IR - Kotzka J FIR - Kuss, O IR - Kuss O FIR - Lammert, E IR - Lammert E FIR - Rathmann, W IR - Rathmann W FIR - Szendroedi, J IR - Szendroedi J FIR - Trenkamp, S IR - Trenkamp S FIR - Ziegler, D IR - Ziegler D EDAT- 2021/05/06 06:00 MHDA- 2021/05/06 06:01 PMCR- 2021/05/04 CRDT- 2021/05/05 05:42 PHST- 2020/11/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/02/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/05/05 05:42 [entrez] PHST- 2021/05/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/05/06 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/05/04 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12986-021-00556-1 [pii] AID - 556 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12986-021-00556-1 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutr Metab (Lond). 2021 May 4;18(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12986-021-00556-1.