PMID- 33950164
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220117
LR  - 20240402
IS  - 2168-6238 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-622X (Print)
IS  - 2168-622X (Linking)
VI  - 78
IP  - 7
DP  - 2021 Jul 1
TI  - Association of Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures With Psychosis 
      Onset in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Developing Psychosis: An ENIGMA 
      Working Group Mega-analysis.
PG  - 753-766
LID - 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0638 [doi]
AB  - IMPORTANCE: The ENIGMA clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis initiative, the 
      largest pooled neuroimaging sample of individuals at CHR to date, aims to 
      discover robust neurobiological markers of psychosis risk. OBJECTIVE: To 
      investigate baseline structural neuroimaging differences between individuals at 
      CHR and healthy controls as well as between participants at CHR who later 
      developed a psychotic disorder (CHR-PS+) and those who did not (CHR-PS-). DESIGN, 
      SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this case-control study, baseline T1-weighted 
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were pooled from 31 international sites 
      participating in the ENIGMA Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Working Group. CHR 
      status was assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States 
      or Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. MRI scans were processed using 
      harmonized protocols and analyzed within a mega-analysis and meta-analysis 
      framework from January to October 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Measures of 
      regional cortical thickness (CT), surface area, and subcortical volumes were 
      extracted from T1-weighted MRI scans. Independent variables were group (CHR group 
      vs control group) and conversion status (CHR-PS+ group vs CHR-PS- group vs 
      control group). RESULTS: Of the 3169 included participants, 1428 (45.1%) were 
      female, and the mean (SD; range) age was 21.1 (4.9; 9.5-39.9) years. This study 
      included 1792 individuals at CHR and 1377 healthy controls. Using longitudinal 
      clinical information, 253 in the CHR-PS+ group, 1234 in the CHR-PS- group, and 
      305 at CHR without follow-up data were identified. Compared with healthy 
      controls, individuals at CHR exhibited widespread lower CT measures (mean [range] 
      Cohen d = -0.13 [-0.17 to -0.09]), but not surface area or subcortical volume. 
      Lower CT measures in the fusiform, superior temporal, and paracentral regions 
      were associated with psychosis conversion (mean Cohen d = -0.22; 95% CI, -0.35 to 
      0.10). Among healthy controls, compared with those in the CHR-PS+ group, age 
      showed a stronger negative association with left fusiform CT measures (F = 9.8; 
      P < .001; q < .001) and left paracentral CT measures (F = 5.9; P = .005; 
      q = .02). Effect sizes representing lower CT associated with psychosis conversion 
      resembled patterns of CT differences observed in ENIGMA studies of schizophrenia 
      (rho = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.55; P = .004) and individuals with 22q11.2 
      microdeletion syndrome and a psychotic disorder diagnosis (rho = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20 
      to 0.61; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study provides evidence for 
      widespread subtle, lower CT measures in individuals at CHR. The pattern of CT 
      measure differences in those in the CHR-PS+ group was similar to those reported 
      in other large-scale investigations of psychosis. Additionally, a subset of these 
      regions displayed abnormal age associations. Widespread disruptions in CT coupled 
      with abnormal age associations in those at CHR may point to disruptions in 
      postnatal brain developmental processes.
CN  - ENIGMA Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Working Group
FAU - Jalbrzikowski, Maria
AU  - Jalbrzikowski M
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
FAU - Hayes, Rebecca A
AU  - Hayes RA
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
FAU - Wood, Stephen J
AU  - Wood SJ
AD  - Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
FAU - Nordholm, Dorte
AU  - Nordholm D
AD  - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Zhou, Juan H
AU  - Zhou JH
AD  - Center for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National 
      University of Singapore, Singapore.
AD  - Center for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of 
      Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
FAU - Fusar-Poli, Paolo
AU  - Fusar-Poli P
AD  - Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
AD  - EPIC Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Uhlhaas, Peter J
AU  - Uhlhaas PJ
AD  - Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charite Universitatsmedizin, 
      Berlin, Germany.
AD  - Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Takahashi, Tsutomu
AU  - Takahashi T
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine 
      and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
AD  - Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
FAU - Sugranyes, Gisela
AU  - Sugranyes G
AD  - Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of 
      Neuroscience, 2017SGR-881, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions 
      Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud 
      Mental (CIBERSAM), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Kwak, Yoo Bin
AU  - Kwak YB
AD  - Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of 
      Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Mathalon, Daniel H
AU  - Mathalon DH
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San 
      Francisco.
AD  - San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California.
FAU - Katagiri, Naoyuki
AU  - Katagiri N
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Hooker, Christine I
AU  - Hooker CI
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 
      Chicago, Illinois.
FAU - Smigielski, Lukasz
AU  - Smigielski L
AD  - Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital 
      Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric 
      University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Colibazzi, Tiziano
AU  - Colibazzi T
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York.
AD  - New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
FAU - Via, Esther
AU  - Via E
AD  - Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan 
      de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de 
      Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Tang, Jinsong
AU  - Tang J
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang 
      University, Hangzhou, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, 
      Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China.
FAU - Koike, Shinsuke
AU  - Koike S
AD  - Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, 
      The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
AD  - The University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind, 
      Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Rasser, Paul E
AU  - Rasser PE
AD  - Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of 
      Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
AD  - Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of 
      Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
FAU - Michel, Chantal
AU  - Michel C
AD  - University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 
      University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
FAU - Lebedeva, Irina
AU  - Lebedeva I
AD  - Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
FAU - Hegelstad, Wenche Ten Velden
AU  - Hegelstad WTV
AD  - Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
AD  - TIPS Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, 
      Stavanger, Norway.
FAU - de la Fuente-Sandoval, Camilo
AU  - de la Fuente-Sandoval C
AD  - Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y 
      Neurocirugia, Mexico City, Mexico.
FAU - Waltz, James A
AU  - Waltz JA
AD  - Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 
      Baltimore.
FAU - Mizrahi, Romina
AU  - Mizrahi R
AD  - Douglas Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
AD  - McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
FAU - Corcoran, Cheryl M
AU  - Corcoran CM
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New 
      York.
AD  - Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters 
      VA Medical Center, New York, New York.
FAU - Resch, Franz
AU  - Resch F
AD  - Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, 
      Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Tamnes, Christian K
AU  - Tamnes CK
AD  - Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
AD  - NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and 
      Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
AD  - PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 
      Norway.
FAU - Haas, Shalaila S
AU  - Haas SS
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New 
      York.
FAU - Lemmers-Jansen, Imke L J
AU  - Lemmers-Jansen ILJ
AD  - Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical, Neuro and 
      Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Agartz, Ingrid
AU  - Agartz I
AD  - Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
AD  - NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and 
      Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
AD  - Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Allen, Paul
AU  - Allen P
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom.
AD  - Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
FAU - Amminger, G Paul
AU  - Amminger GP
AD  - Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.
FAU - Andreassen, Ole A
AU  - Andreassen OA
AD  - NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and 
      Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Atkinson, Kimberley
AU  - Atkinson K
AD  - Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
FAU - Bachman, Peter
AU  - Bachman P
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
FAU - Baeza, Inmaculada
AU  - Baeza I
AD  - Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of 
      Neuroscience, 2017SGR-881, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions 
      Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud 
      Mental (CIBERSAM), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Baldwin, Helen
AU  - Baldwin H
AD  - Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
AD  - NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS 
      Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
FAU - Bartholomeusz, Cali F
AU  - Bartholomeusz CF
AD  - Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.
FAU - Borgwardt, Stefan
AU  - Borgwardt S
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lubeck, Lubeck, 
      Germany.
FAU - Catalano, Sabrina
AU  - Catalano S
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
FAU - Chee, Michael W L
AU  - Chee MWL
AD  - Center for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National 
      University of Singapore, Singapore.
FAU - Chen, Xiaogang
AU  - Chen X
AD  - National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of 
      Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 
      China.
AD  - National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, 
      Central South University, Changsha, China.
FAU - Cho, Kang Ik K
AU  - Cho KIK
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 
      Boston, Massachusetts.
FAU - Cooper, Rebecca E
AU  - Cooper RE
AD  - Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of 
      Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
FAU - Cropley, Vanessa L
AU  - Cropley VL
AD  - Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of 
      Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health 
      Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
FAU - Dolz, Montserrat
AU  - Dolz M
AD  - Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan 
      de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de 
      Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Ebdrup, Bjorn H
AU  - Ebdrup BH
AD  - Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, 
      Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
AD  - Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 
      University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Fortea, Adriana
AU  - Fortea A
AD  - Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of 
      Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundacio Clinic Recerca Biomedica, 
      Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Glenthoj, Louise Birkedal
AU  - Glenthoj LB
AD  - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Glenthoj, Birte Y
AU  - Glenthoj BY
AD  - Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, 
      Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
AD  - Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 
      University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - de Haan, Lieuwe
AU  - de Haan L
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the 
      Netherlands.
AD  - Arkin, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
FAU - Hamilton, Holly K
AU  - Hamilton HK
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San 
      Francisco.
AD  - San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California.
FAU - Harris, Mathew A
AU  - Harris MA
AD  - Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
FAU - Haut, Kristen M
AU  - Haut KM
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 
      Chicago, Illinois.
FAU - He, Ying
AU  - He Y
AD  - National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of 
      Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 
      China.
FAU - Heekeren, Karsten
AU  - Heekeren K
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric 
      University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, LVR-Hospital Cologne, Cologne, 
      Germany.
FAU - Heinz, Andreas
AU  - Heinz A
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, 
      Germany.
FAU - Hubl, Daniela
AU  - Hubl D
AD  - Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and 
      Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
FAU - Hwang, Wu Jeong
AU  - Hwang WJ
AD  - Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of 
      Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kaess, Michael
AU  - Kaess M
AD  - University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 
      University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
AD  - Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, 
      University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Kasai, Kiyoto
AU  - Kasai K
AD  - The University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind, 
      Tokyo, Japan.
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of 
      Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
AD  - The International Research Center for Neurointelligence at The University of 
      Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Kim, Minah
AU  - Kim M
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 
      Republic of Korea.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 
      Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kindler, Jochen
AU  - Kindler J
AD  - University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 
      University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
FAU - Klaunig, Mallory J
AU  - Klaunig MJ
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore.
FAU - Koppel, Alex
AU  - Koppel A
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, 
      Ontario, Canada.
FAU - Kristensen, Tina D
AU  - Kristensen TD
AD  - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
AD  - Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, 
      Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
FAU - Kwon, Jun Soo
AU  - Kwon JS
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 
      Republic of Korea.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 
      Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lawrie, Stephen M
AU  - Lawrie SM
AD  - Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
FAU - Lee, Jimmy
AU  - Lee J
AD  - Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
AD  - Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
FAU - Leon-Ortiz, Pablo
AU  - Leon-Ortiz P
AD  - Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y 
      Neurocirugia, Mexico City, Mexico.
FAU - Lin, Ashleigh
AU  - Lin A
AD  - Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
FAU - Loewy, Rachel L
AU  - Loewy RL
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San 
      Francisco.
FAU - Ma, Xiaoqian
AU  - Ma X
AD  - National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of 
      Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 
      China.
FAU - McGorry, Patrick
AU  - McGorry P
AD  - Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.
FAU - McGuire, Philip
AU  - McGuire P
AD  - Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
FAU - Mizuno, Masafumi
AU  - Mizuno M
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Moller, Paul
AU  - Moller P
AD  - Department for Mental Health Research and Development, Division of Mental Health 
      and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Lier, Norway.
FAU - Moncada-Habib, Tomas
AU  - Moncada-Habib T
AD  - Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y 
      Neurocirugia, Mexico City, Mexico.
FAU - Munoz-Samons, Daniel
AU  - Munoz-Samons D
AD  - Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan 
      de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de 
      Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Nelson, Barnaby
AU  - Nelson B
AD  - Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.
FAU - Nemoto, Takahiro
AU  - Nemoto T
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Nordentoft, Merete
AU  - Nordentoft M
AD  - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Omelchenko, Maria A
AU  - Omelchenko MA
AD  - Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
FAU - Oppedal, Ketil
AU  - Oppedal K
AD  - Stavanger Medical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stavanger 
      University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
FAU - Ouyang, Lijun
AU  - Ouyang L
AD  - National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of 
      Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 
      China.
AD  - National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, 
      Central South University, Changsha, China.
AD  - Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.
FAU - Pantelis, Christos
AU  - Pantelis C
AD  - Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of 
      Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health 
      Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 
      Melbourne, Australia.
FAU - Pariente, Jose C
AU  - Pariente JC
AD  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques 
      August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Raghava, Jayachandra M
AU  - Raghava JM
AD  - Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, 
      Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
AD  - Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Functional Imaging 
      Unit, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
FAU - Reyes-Madrigal, Francisco
AU  - Reyes-Madrigal F
AD  - Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y 
      Neurocirugia, Mexico City, Mexico.
FAU - Roach, Brian J
AU  - Roach BJ
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San 
      Francisco.
AD  - San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California.
FAU - Rossberg, Jan I
AU  - Rossberg JI
AD  - NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and 
      Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Rossler, Wulf
AU  - Rossler W
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric 
      University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, 
      Germany.
FAU - Salisbury, Dean F
AU  - Salisbury DF
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
FAU - Sasabayashi, Daiki
AU  - Sasabayashi D
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine 
      and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
AD  - Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
FAU - Schall, Ulrich
AU  - Schall U
AD  - Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of 
      Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
AD  - Priority Research Centre Grow Up Well, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, 
      Australia.
FAU - Schiffman, Jason
AU  - Schiffman J
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore.
AD  - Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine.
FAU - Schlagenhauf, Florian
AU  - Schlagenhauf F
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, 
      Germany.
FAU - Schmidt, Andre
AU  - Schmidt A
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Sorensen, Mikkel E
AU  - Sorensen ME
AD  - Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, 
      Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
FAU - Suzuki, Michio
AU  - Suzuki M
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine 
      and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
AD  - Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
FAU - Theodoridou, Anastasia
AU  - Theodoridou A
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric 
      University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Tomyshev, Alexander S
AU  - Tomyshev AS
AD  - Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
FAU - Tor, Jordina
AU  - Tor J
AD  - Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan 
      de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de 
      Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Vaernes, Tor G
AU  - Vaernes TG
AD  - NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and 
      Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
AD  - Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit for South-East Norway, TIPS 
      Sor-Ost, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 
      Norway.
FAU - Velakoulis, Dennis
AU  - Velakoulis D
AD  - Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of 
      Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - Neuropsychiatry, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
FAU - Venegoni, Gloria D
AU  - Venegoni GD
AD  - Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and 
      Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht 
      University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
FAU - Vinogradov, Sophia
AU  - Vinogradov S
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, 
      Minneapolis.
FAU - Wenneberg, Christina
AU  - Wenneberg C
AD  - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Westlye, Lars T
AU  - Westlye LT
AD  - NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and 
      Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Yamasue, Hidenori
AU  - Yamasue H
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 
      City, Japan.
FAU - Yuan, Liu
AU  - Yuan L
AD  - National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of 
      Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 
      China.
AD  - National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, 
      Central South University, Changsha, China.
AD  - Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.
FAU - Yung, Alison R
AU  - Yung AR
AD  - Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.
AD  - School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
FAU - van Amelsvoort, Therese A M J
AU  - van Amelsvoort TAMJ
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and 
      Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht 
      University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
FAU - Turner, Jessica A
AU  - Turner JA
AD  - Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta.
FAU - van Erp, Theo G M
AU  - van Erp TGM
AD  - Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California.
AD  - Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and 
      Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine.
FAU - Thompson, Paul M
AU  - Thompson PM
AD  - Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and 
      Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 
      Los Angeles.
FAU - Hernaus, Dennis
AU  - Hernaus D
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and 
      Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht 
      University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
LA  - eng
GR  - K23 MH085063/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UK G0700995/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - R01 MH115031/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH105246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH107558/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MR/L011689/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - R01 MH094524/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH113564/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - KL2 TR002387/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K23 MH086618/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 MH015144/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH112612/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MR/N003403/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - K01 MH112774/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 MH117434/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH100043/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH076989/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH113533/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH081051/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Meta-Analysis
PT  - Multicenter Study
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - JAMA Psychiatry
JT  - JAMA psychiatry
JID - 101589550
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging/*pathology
MH  - Child
MH  - Disease Progression
MH  - *Disease Susceptibility
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - *Neuroimaging
MH  - Prodromal Symptoms
MH  - Psychotic Disorders/diagnostic imaging/*pathology
MH  - Risk
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC8100913
COIS- Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Fusar-Poli has received grants from 
      Lundbeck; personal fees from Angelini Pharma and Menarini Group; and nonfinancial 
      support from Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr Uhlhaas has received grants from Lundbeck 
      and Eli Lilly UK. Dr Takahashi has received personal fees from Toyama Hospital, 
      Taikoyama Hospital, Saiseikai Toyama Hospital, and Greenhills Wakakusa Hospital. 
      Dr Mathalon has served as a consultant to Boehringer Ingelheim, Cadent 
      Therapeutics, Syndesi Therapeutics, and Recognify. Drs Via and Dolz have received 
      personal fees from Janssen-Cilag. Dr Koike has received grants from Agency for 
      Medical Research and Development, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the 
      Naito Foundation, and Takeda Science Foundation. Dr Andreassen has received 
      personal fees from Lundbeck and Sunovion and has served as a consultant for 
      HealthLytix. Dr Baeza has received personal fees from Angelini Pharma, Janssen 
      Pharmaceuticals, and Otsuka-Lundbeck. Dr Chee has served as a sleep consultant 
      for the AIA Vitality Program. Dr Ebdrup has received personal fees for serving on 
      advisory boards from Eli Lilly Denmark, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, and Takeda and 
      has received lecture fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Otsuka Pharma Scandinavia, 
      Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim Denmark, and Lundbeck. Dr Fortea has 
      received honoraria from Otsuka-Lundbeck. Dr Birte Glenthoj is the leader of a 
      Lundbeck Foundation Centre of Excellence for Clinical Intervention and 
      Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, which is partially funded by an 
      independent grant from the Lundbeck Foundation and partially funded by the Mental 
      Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, the University of Copenhagen, 
      and other foundations. Dr Kaess has received grants from German Federal Ministry 
      of Education and Research, Swiss National Science Foundation, German Research 
      Foundation, Dietmar Hopp Foundation, Baden-Wuerttemberg Foundation, and National 
      Health, Medical and Research Council. Dr Kasai has received grants from Novartis, 
      Astellas, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Eli Lily and Company, Dainippon-Sumitomo 
      Corporation, Eisai, Otsuka, Shionogi, Ono, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, and Takeda; 
      personal fees from Otsuka, Fuji-Film, Yoshitomi, Kyowa, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, 
      Astellas, Meiji Seika Pharma, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, and Takeda; and serves 
      on the funding committees of Takeda Science Foundation and Astellas. Dr Kindler 
      has received grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation. Dr Kristensen has 
      received grants from Lundbeck Foundation. Dr Lawrie has received personal fees 
      from Janssen Pharmaceuticals and Sunovion. Dr Leon-Ortiz has received personal 
      fees from Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Dr Loewy has received grants from National 
      Institute of Mental Health and California Mental Health Services Authority. Dr 
      Nemoto has received grants from Otsuka as well as personal fees from Astellas, 
      Eisai, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Meiji Seika Pharma, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, 
      and Takeda. Dr Pantelis has received grants and personal fees from Lundbeck 
      Foundation. Dr Reyes-Madrigal has received speaker fees from Janssen (Johnson & 
      Johnson). Dr Rossler is supported by the Zurich Program for Sustainable 
      Development of Mental Health Services. Dr Suzuki had received personal fees from 
      Nakagawa Hospital. Ms Tor has received personal fees from Fundacion Alicia 
      Koplowitz. Dr Vinogradov served as a member of an advisory board for Alkermes and 
      is an unpaid scientific collaborator for PositScience Inc. Dr Hernaus has 
      received consulting fees from P1vital Products. No other disclosures were 
      reported.
EDAT- 2021/05/06 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/18 06:00
PMCR- 2022/05/05
CRDT- 2021/05/05 12:29
PHST- 2021/05/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/05 12:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 2779599 [pii]
AID - yoi210019 [pii]
AID - 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0638 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - JAMA Psychiatry. 2021 Jul 1;78(7):753-766. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0638.