PMID- 33954807
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220830
LR  - 20220830
IS  - 1573-6830 (Electronic)
IS  - 0272-4340 (Linking)
VI  - 42
IP  - 7
DP  - 2022 Oct
TI  - Upregulation of Glutamatergic Receptors in Hippocampus and Locomotor 
      Hyperactivity in Aged Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat.
PG  - 2205-2217
LID - 10.1007/s10571-021-01094-3 [doi]
AB  - Epidemiologic studies have indicated that chronic hypertension may facilitate the 
      progression of abnormal behavior, such as emotional irritability, hyperactivity, 
      and attention impairment. However, the mechanism of how chronic hypertension 
      affects the brain and neuronal function remains unclear. In this study, 
      58-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched 
      Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats were used. Their locomotor activity and neuronal 
      function were assessed by the open field test, novel object, and Y maze 
      recognition test. Moreover brain tissues were analyzed. We found that the aged 
      SHR exhibited significant locomotor hyperactivity when compared to the WKY rats. 
      However, there was no significant difference in novel object and novel arm 
      recognition between aged SHR and the WKY rats. In the analysis of synaptic 
      membrane protein, the expression of glutamatergic receptors, such as the 
      N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor receptors subunits 2B (GluN2B) and 
      alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor 1 (GluA1) in 
      the hippocampus of SHR were significantly higher than those of WKY rats. In 
      addition, in the synaptic membrane of SHR's hippocampus and medial prefrontal 
      cortex (mPFC), a down-regulation of astrocytes was found, though the excitatory 
      amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) remained constant. Moreover, a down-regulation 
      of microglia in the hippocampus and mPFC was seen in the SHR brain. Long-term 
      exposure to high blood pressure causes upregulation of glutamate receptors. The 
      upregulation of glutamatergic receptors in hippocampus may contribute to the 
      hyper-locomotor activity of aged rodents and may as a therapeutic target in 
      hypertension-induced irritability and hyperactivity.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business 
      Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Yen, Patrick Szu-Ying
AU  - Yen PS
AD  - Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University 
      (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
FAU - Liu, Yen-Chin
AU  - Liu YC
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University 
      Hospital (NCKU), NCKU, 100 Shiquan 1st Rd, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City, 807, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Chu, Chun-Hsien
AU  - Chu CH
AD  - Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, NCKU, Tainan, Taiwan.
FAU - Chen, Shiou-Lan
AU  - Chen SL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3995-0276
AD  - Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University 
      (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan. shioulan@kmu.edu.tw.
AD  - Department of Medical Research, College of Medicine, KMU Hospital & MSc Program 
      in Tropical Medicine, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. shioulan@kmu.edu.tw.
LA  - eng
GR  - M109108/Kaohsiung Medical University/
GR  - 105-2628-B-037-003-MY3/Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210505
PL  - United States
TA  - Cell Mol Neurobiol
JT  - Cellular and molecular neurobiology
JID - 8200709
RN  - 0 (Receptors, AMPA)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)
RN  - 3KX376GY7L (Glutamic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
MH  - Glutamic Acid
MH  - Hippocampus
MH  - *Hypertension
MH  - Male
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Inbred SHR
MH  - Rats, Inbred WKY
MH  - Receptors, AMPA
MH  - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
MH  - Up-Regulation
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aged rat
OT  - Glutamatergic receptors
OT  - Hypertension
OT  - Locomotor hyperactivity
EDAT- 2021/05/07 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/31 06:00
CRDT- 2021/05/06 07:15
PHST- 2020/11/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/05/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/06 07:15 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s10571-021-01094-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10571-021-01094-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Oct;42(7):2205-2217. doi: 10.1007/s10571-021-01094-3. 
      Epub 2021 May 5.