PMID- 33966177
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220408
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 2190-3948 (Electronic)
IS  - 2190-393X (Print)
IS  - 2190-393X (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2022 May
TI  - Controlled release of pharmaceutical agents using eutectic modified gelatin.
PG  - 1187-1194
LID - 10.1007/s13346-021-00998-3 [doi]
AB  - Deep eutectic solvent (DES) is a class of ionic liquids, consisting of a mixture 
      generally formed by combining hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) such as alcohols, 
      amides and carboxylic acids with various quaternary ammonium salts. The decrease 
      in melting points of the constituents is due to the charge delocalization during 
      formation of hydrogen bonding between the hydrogen bond acceptor with the 
      hydrogen bond donor. This can be considered one of the main reasons for 
      increasing solubility and absorption of DESs. Most active pharmaceutical 
      ingredients (APIs) have polar functional groups containing amide, carboxylic 
      acid, alcohol or quaternary ammonium groups. These tend to increase the melting 
      point of the compounds, but they can be used to form eutectic mixtures. While 
      this concept has previously used, the combination of quaternary ammonium salts 
      with amides, carboxylic acids and alcohols can result in large depressions of 
      freezing points and so-called deep eutectic solvents are formed. DESs mix readily 
      with water and so could increase the uptake of APIs. In this study, 
      pharmaceutical deep eutectic solvents (PDESs) are formulated from 3 APIs: 
      imipramine HCl, ascorbic acid and catechol. These PDESs were used to plasticise 
      gelatine. It is shown that the materials formed can be used to increase the rate 
      of API uptake via both oral and transdermal delivery modes. Thus, the 
      concentration of the PDESs in solution reaches the maximum before the pure drugs. 
      Particularly for catechol, after 1 s, the dissolution of the PDESs was more than 
      twice that of the pure drug. Moreover, the transdermal delivery mode uptake of 
      the PDES based on imipramine HCl from the patch after 15 min was found to be 65% 
      compared with just imipramine HCl which released only 20%.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s).
FAU - Qu, Wanwan
AU  - Qu W
AD  - School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
FAU - Qader, Idrees B
AU  - Qader IB
AD  - Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical 
      University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
FAU - Abbott, Andrew P
AU  - Abbott AP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9556-8341
AD  - School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK. 
      apa1@le.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210508
PL  - United States
TA  - Drug Deliv Transl Res
JT  - Drug delivery and translational research
JID - 101540061
RN  - 0 (Alcohols)
RN  - 0 (Amides)
RN  - 0 (Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Carboxylic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Delayed-Action Preparations)
RN  - 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Salts)
RN  - 9000-70-8 (Gelatin)
RN  - OGG85SX4E4 (Imipramine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alcohols
MH  - Amides
MH  - *Ammonium Compounds
MH  - Carboxylic Acids/chemistry
MH  - Delayed-Action Preparations
MH  - *Gelatin
MH  - Imipramine
MH  - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemistry
MH  - Salts
PMC - PMC8942888
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - And drug delivery
OT  - Deep eutectic solvents
OT  - Dissolution rate
OT  - Solubility
EDAT- 2021/05/10 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/09 06:00
PMCR- 2021/05/08
CRDT- 2021/05/09 21:03
PHST- 2021/04/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/05/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/09 21:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/05/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s13346-021-00998-3 [pii]
AID - 998 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s13346-021-00998-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2022 May;12(5):1187-1194. doi: 10.1007/s13346-021-00998-3. 
      Epub 2021 May 8.