PMID- 33966561
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211021
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1747-6356 (Electronic)
IS  - 1747-6348 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 7
DP  - 2021 Jul
TI  - Extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
PG  - 931-948
LID - 10.1080/17476348.2021.1927718 [doi]
AB  - Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality 
      globally. Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) constitutes about 15%-20% of all TB patients, 
      but accounts for 50% among HIV-coinfected. Confirmation of microbial diagnosis of 
      EPTB is usually challenging.Areas covered: Availability of newer imaging 
      modalities like (18)FDG-PET-CT and PET-MRI has facilitated precise anatomical 
      localization of the lesions and mapping the extent of EPTB. The use of image- and 
      endoscopy-guided invasive diagnostic methods has made procurement of tissue/body 
      fluids for diagnostic testing possible. With the advent of universal 
      drug-susceptibility testing, a rapid diagnosis of drug-resistance is now possible 
      in EPTB. Drug-susceptible EPTB usually responds well to first-line anti-TB 
      treatment; TB meningitis, bone and joint TB and lymph node TB requires longer 
      durations of treatment.Expert opinion: Adjunctive use of corticosteroids in the 
      initial period is recommended in the central nervous system and pericardial TB. 
      Surgical intervention is helpful to obtain tissue samples for diagnosis. 
      Adjunctive surgical treatment along with medical treatment is useful in treating 
      complications like hydrocephalus, Pott's spine. Follow-up of EPTB patients is 
      crucial as treatment period is usually prolonged, requires recognition of 
      development of immune reconstitution and inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), monitoring 
      of adverse events, serious adverse events like anti-TB drug-induced 
      hepatotoxicity, organ-related complications, and treatment adherence.
FAU - Sharma, Surendra K
AU  - Sharma SK
AD  - Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard Institute of Molecular Medicine, 
      New Delhi, India.
AD  - Departments of General Medicine & Pulmonary Medicine, JNMC, Datta Meghe Institute 
      of Medical Sciences (DMIMS), Wardha, India.
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research & Training 
      in Tuberculosis, Centre of Excellence for EPTB, MoH & FW, GoI), All India 
      Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Mohan, Alladi
AU  - Mohan A
AD  - Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, 
      India.
FAU - Kohli, Mikashmi
AU  - Kohli M
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill 
      International TB Centre, McGill University, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210714
PL  - England
TA  - Expert Rev Respir Med
JT  - Expert review of respiratory medicine
JID - 101278196
RN  - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Antitubercular Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenal Cortex Hormones
MH  - Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - *HIV Infections/drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
MH  - *Tuberculosis/diagnosis/drug therapy
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CBNAAT
OT  - PET-CT
OT  - Tuberculosis
OT  - diagnosis
OT  - disseminated
OT  - extrapulmonary
OT  - miliary
OT  - treatment
EDAT- 2021/05/11 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/25 06:00
CRDT- 2021/05/10 05:33
PHST- 2021/05/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/05/10 05:33 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/17476348.2021.1927718 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Expert Rev Respir Med. 2021 Jul;15(7):931-948. doi: 
      10.1080/17476348.2021.1927718. Epub 2021 Jul 14.