PMID- 33978191 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220128 LR - 20230216 IS - 1541-6100 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3166 (Linking) VI - 151 IP - 8 DP - 2021 Aug 7 TI - CUN-BAE Index as a Screening Tool to Identify Increased Metabolic Risk in Apparently Healthy Normal-Weight Adults and Those with Obesity. PG - 2215-2225 LID - 10.1093/jn/nxab117 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Imbalanced dietary intake is related to increased adiposity, which is linked to increased metabolic risk even in the absence of obesity. BMI is traditionally used to classify body fatness and weight range, but it only considers body weight and height. The Clinica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE) equation has appeared as an additional tool to estimate adiposity considering also other relevant parameters, i.e., sex and age. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine whether the CUN-BAE index could estimate adiposity-related metabolic risk in apparently healthy, normoglycemic adults. METHODS: In this case-control study, men and women (18-45 y old) were classified as normal-weight (NW) [n = 20; BMI (in kg/m2) <25] or overweight-obese (OW-OB) (n = 34; BMI >/=25). The primary outcome was body fat content and clinical circulating parameters to assess by correlation analysis CUN-BAE's usefulness as a predictor of metabolic risk. In addition, transcriptomic biomarkers of lipid metabolism were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as secondary outcome indicators of metabolic impairment. Data were analyzed by correlation analysis and comparison of means. RESULTS: CUN-BAE values correlated directly with body fatness obtained by DXA (r = 0.89, P < 0.01), with classical molecular biomarkers of metabolic risk, and with PBMC gene expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c), and fatty acid synthase (FASN), early markers of metabolic impairment (P < 0.05). Moreover, CUN-BAE allowed identification of NW individuals with excessive body fatness, who were not yet presenting obesity-related molecular alterations. In these subjects, visceral fat correlated directly with circulating glucose, triglycerides, and total and LDL cholesterol, and with triglyceride-glucose and fatty liver indexes (P < 0.05). This is indicative of a metabolically obese NW phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained in our cohort of young normoglycemic volunteers support the use of the CUN-BAE index as a tool to estimate accurately body fat mass, but also as a first easy/effective screening tool to identify lean people with increased fat mass and increased metabolic risk.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04402697. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition. FAU - Costa, Andrea AU - Costa A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8393-4639 AD - Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain. AD - Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain. AD - CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain. FAU - Konieczna, Jadwiga AU - Konieczna J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2947-1338 AD - Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain. AD - CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain. AD - Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain. FAU - Reynes, Barbara AU - Reynes B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3988-7780 AD - Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain. AD - Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain. AD - CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain. FAU - Martin, Marian AU - Martin M AD - Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain. AD - CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain. AD - Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain. FAU - Fiol, Miquel AU - Fiol M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5370-1391 AD - Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain. AD - CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain. AD - Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain. FAU - Palou, Andreu AU - Palou A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0295-4452 AD - Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain. AD - Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain. AD - CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain. FAU - Romaguera, Dora AU - Romaguera D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5762-8558 AD - Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain. AD - CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain. AD - Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain. FAU - Oliver, Paula AU - Oliver P AD - Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain. AD - Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain. AD - CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04402697 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Nutr JT - The Journal of nutrition JID - 0404243 SB - IM MH - *Adiposity MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Body Mass Index MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Leukocytes, Mononuclear MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Obesity MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - BMI OT - CUN-BAE OT - metabolic risk OT - normal-weight obesity OT - visceral fat EDAT- 2021/05/13 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/29 06:00 CRDT- 2021/05/12 08:58 PHST- 2021/01/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/02/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/03/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/05/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/05/12 08:58 [entrez] AID - S0022-3166(22)00282-6 [pii] AID - 10.1093/jn/nxab117 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr. 2021 Aug 7;151(8):2215-2225. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab117.